1811. The seven provinces of Venezuela made declaration of independence.
1814. Battle of Chippewa; the United States troops under general Brown, defeated the British, and compelled them to retire within their works. British loss 198 killed, 100 wounded, and 137 taken prisoners—435; American loss 60 killed, 257 wounded, and 20 missing—337.
1816. Dorothea Jordan, an eminent English actress, died. Notwithstanding her popularity and patronage, she died in France in great obscurity and penury.
1817. The golden sovereign of England first put in circulation.
1830. Algiers surrendered to the French under general Bourmont, after a siege of six days. A rich booty fell into the hands of the conquerors, of gold and silver, besides 1,500 cannon, and 12 ships of war lying in the harbor. Loss of the French previous to effecting this conquest, 2,400 men; that of the Algerines 10,000.
1836. Daniel Cole, a native of Long island, N. Y., died in Canada, aged 106.
1839. The third centennary of the protestant reformation was celebrated with great parade and splendor at Dresden, in Saxony.
1848. The negroes at St. Croix revolted and compelled the governor to proclaim their freedom. The whites thereupon formed a provisional government, deposed the governor, attacked the negroes, and having captured 300, shot them immediately.
1852. The British minister at Washington, gave notice that to prevent encroachments of fishing vessels belonging to the United States and France, upon grounds reserved by the convention of 1818, directions had been given for stationing a force of vessels and steamers off New Brunswick, Prince Edward's island, and in the gulf of St. Lawrence, as would be deemed sufficient to prevent the infraction of the treaty.
1852. The steam boat St. James exploded her boilers on lake Ponchartrain, and burnt to the water's edge. About 20 persons were killed and 19 wounded.