1851. Antonio Lopez, who attempted to affect a revolution in Cuba, was garotted at Havana.
1851. The rail road in Russia from St. Petersburg to Moscow, was inaugurated.
1853. Louis Chitti, an Italian exile, died in New York. He was secretary of finance to Murat, afterwards professor of political economy at Brussels; then commissioner to the United States from Belgium. During the troubles of 1821 at Naples, he was expelled, and resided in this country.
1855. William Cranch, an eminent American judge, died at Washington, D. C., aged 86. He published 9 vols. of cases in the supreme court, and was highly respected for his talents and learning.
SEPTEMBER 2.
44 B. C. Cicero delivered the first of those speeches against Marc Antony, called his Philippics.
31 B. C. Battle of Actium, off the promontory of Epirus, in which the fleet of Marc Antony was defeated and his hopes utterly prostrated.
1338. Edward III was invested by the emperor at Coblentz, with the title of his vicar, but refused to kiss the imperial foot.
1483. The renowned Caxton issued from his press a book entitled, Confessio Amantis: That is to saye in Englisshe, The Confessyon of the Louer.
1504. Columbus sailed from Hispaniola to Spain—his final leave of the country which he had discovered—a discovery that had been to him a source of unutterable vexation and the vilest ingratitude.