1800. The treaty between Bonaparte and the pope, called the Concordat, ratified. This was dictated by the first consul and in every article infringed on the pretensions of the papal dignitary.
1811. Dutch surrendered the island of Java to the British.
1811. Battle of Ximena, in Spain, and defeat of the French under Soult.
1816. Bernard M'Mahon, an eminent botanist from Ireland, died at his botanic garden, near Philadelphia.
1819. John Langdon died; an active and powerful advocate of the American revolution. He was a member of the congress of 1775, and of the convention which framed the constitution; a senator in congress, and governor of New Hampshire.
1821. John Nicholas Corvisart, a distinguished French physician, died. He was physician to Napoleon, and greatly promoted the progress of experimental medicine and pathological anatomy in France.
1830. William Hazlitt, an elegant English writer, died. He is also known as an artist.
1834. Keating Simons died, aged 82; aid-de-camp in the revolutionary war to general Marion.
1838. Great eclipse of the sun over the United States.
1840. C. S. Rafinesque, an eminent botanist, died at Philadelphia, where he had been for several years professor of botany and natural history in Transylvania university, and author of several works on various scientific subjects.