1805. Pierre François Andre Mechain died at Castillon, in Spain. His theory of eclipses and other astronomical phenomena has much merit.
1814. The British under general Drummond, in consequence of the losses sustained on the 17th, raised the siege of fort Erie.
1814. Augustus William Ifland, a German actor and dramatic writer, died at Berlin, and was interred with great pomp.
1815. William Hutton died; the historian of Birmingham, and author of various other works.
1831. John Henry Hobart, bishop of the protestant episcopal diocese of New York, died; a man of vigorous intellect and great decision of character.
1840. Francia, dictator of Paraguay, died at Paraguay, at a very advanced age.
1842. William Maginn died in England. He was a contributor to the London Literary Gazette, and in 1818-20 to Blackwood's Magazine under the signature of O'Doherty.
1849. Jonathan H. Hubbard, a distinguished American statesman, of Vermont, died, aged 81.
1852. Philander Chase, bishop of Illinois, died at Peoria, aged 76. He was a native of New Hampshire; was bishop of Ohio 12 years, of Illinois 17 years; laid the foundation of Kenyon college, and was president of Jubilee college.
1854. The allies attacked the Russians under Menschikoff, who 40,000 in number, were strongly entrenched upon the heights of Alma, and after a contest of four hours drove them from the ground with great loss. The allies had about 500 killed and 2,500 wounded; the Russian loss said to have been more than 7,000.