1840. John Marshall, author of various works on manufactures, commerce and statistics, died at London, aged 58.
1843. Richard Harlan, a noted writer on natural history, died of apoplexy at New Orleans. His parents were among the first quaker families that emigrated from England.
1848. George F. Ruxton, a British officer, died at St. Louis, Mo., aged 38 (Allen says 88). He wrote the series in Blackwood's Magazine on life in the far west, and also a book of adventures in Mexico and the Rocky mountains.
1854. Marshal de Saint Arnaud, a commander of the French forces in the Crimea, died at Balaclava, aged 53. He served in Algeria, and conducted an expedition against the Kabyles; also executed the coup d'état for Louis Napoleon. He is represented as a man of deep religious impressions, was courted by the clergy, and had been much engaged in building chapels.
1855. The Russians, 35,000 strong, attacked Kars, gained possession of the redoubt four times, and were four times driven back, and at length retreated, leaving 4,000 dead in the trenches and around the city. Loss of the garrison about 800.
SEPTEMBER 30.
610 B. C. A total eclipse of the sun, foretold by the skill of Thales, which determined the battle between the Lydians and Medes.
480 B. C. The Carthagenians were overthrown at Gelo by Himera.
480 B. C. The great victory of Themistocles over the Persians at Salamis, is also placed upon this day by some authorities. (See [Aug. 20].)
61 B. C. The great and unrivaled triumph of Pompey, which continued two days, for having concluded a war of 30 years, in which he had vanquished, slain and captured 2,183,000 men; sunk or taken 846 ships; reduced under the empire 1538 towers and fortresses, and subdued all the countries between the Mœotian lake and the Red sea. The golden vine of Aristobulus, king of the Jews, a little chapel of pearl consecrated to the Muses, surmounted by a sun-dial, and twenty kings and princes, with a string of barbaric gods, were among the trophies which preceded the car of the conqueror.