[204] "Patrologia Latina," vol. 14, col. 747.
[205] "Patrologia Latina," vol. 77, col. 87. These and several other extracts of like tenor may be found in Ryan's "Alleged Socialism of the Church Fathers," ch. i; St. Louis, 1913.
[206] Op. cit., 2a. 2ae., q. 66, a. 7.
[207] Encyclical, "On the Condition of Labour," May 15, 1891.
[208] Encyclical, "On Socialism, Communism, Nihilism," Dec. 28, 1878.
[209] Op. cit., 2a. 2ae., q. 32, a. 1.
[210] Idem, q. 66, a. 7.
[211] A comprehensive, though brief, discussion of this question and numerous references are contained in Bouquillon, "De Virtutibus Theologicis," pp. 332-348. When Pope Leo XIII declared that the rich are obliged to distribute "out of" their superfluity, he did not mean that they are free to give only a portion thereof. The particle "de" in his statement, "officium est de eo quod superat gratificari indigentibus," is not correctly translated by "some." It means rather "out of," "from," or "with"; so that the affluent are commanded to devote their superfluous goods indefinitely to the relief of the needy. In the Encyclical, "Quot Apostolici Muneris," he used the expression, "gravissimo divites urget praecepto ut quod superest pauperibus tribuant," which clearly declares the duty of distributing all.
[212] "The Wealth and Income of the People of the United States," pp. 224-226.
[213] Page 47.