[76]. This fine is raised to ten pounds by Stat. 1 Mary, Ses. 2. c. 9. § 5.
[77]. Such as “Women’s breasts being sore; a Pin and Web in the Eye; Uncombes of Hands; Burns; Scaldings; sore Mouths; the Stone; Strangury; Saucelim; and Morphew, and such other like diseases.”
The pin and web in the eye is alluded to by Shakespeare in Lear, Act iii. Sc. iv. “he gives the web and the pin,” and again, “wishing all eyes blind with the pin and web,” Winter’s Tale, Act. i. Sc. ii. With respect to the precise meaning of this expression some doubts have arisen. Hanmer says the pin is a horny induration of the membranes of the eye. Skinner seems likewise to say the same, but Dr. Johnson thinks that it is an inflammation, which causes a pain like that of a pointed body piercing the eye: Web in the eye, is defined by Johnson “a kind of dusky film that hinders the sight.” Uncombes of Hands is an expression still used in the North for Whitlows. Morphew signifies a cutaneous eruption in the face, Saucclim?
[78]. See Cro. Car. 257.
[79]. Such penalty has been recovered from the warden of the Fleet. Goodall’s Pro. 421.
[80]. By Statute 10 Geo. 1. c. 20, the College was empowered to examine drugs within seven miles circuit, as well as within the City of London, to which the wording, though probably not the intention, of former acts had confined them; but this Statute, though continued by 13 G. 1. c. 27, has now expired; we shall in another place suggest the policy of reviving and extending its enactments.
[81]. The punishment of dissection is now added by Act of Parliament to the execution for murder only, but this does not exclude the right of the Crown to the disposal of the bodies of all executed traitors and felons. The words of the grant of Elizabeth, are “quod jure publico hujus regni furti homioidii vel cujuscumque feloniæ condamnatum et mortuum fuerit.” Charter 7 Eliz. Goodall’s Collection, p. 35.
[82]. For the power of Corporations to make reasonable Bye Laws, See Kyd on Corporations; how far they may bind Strangers. ib. 103. Cowper, 269; they must not be in diminution of the King’s prerogative, or to restrain suits in the King’s Courts; 19 Hen. 7. c. 7. nor to extend to imprisonment or forfeiture of goods. Magna Charta. 2 Inst. 47, 54. Kyd, 156. But see also 5 Mod. 320; but they may inflict a penalty to be recovered by action or distress; 5 Co. 64. Kyd, 156. And this power to make Bye Laws, is incident to all Corporations, though it be not given by any special clause. Co. Lit. 264. Ld. Hob. 211. Carth 482. 3 Leon 39. A bye-law, giving a casting vote to the senior, if the charter requires a majority, is bad. King v. Ginever. 6 T. R. 732. As to the other points, respecting elections, see the King against the Mayor of Durham, in Lord Kenyon’s Reports, by Hanmer, p. 112. And generally, 1 T R 118: 2 T R 2: 6 T R 732, 736: 7 T R 543: 8 T R 356: 1 H. Blackstone 370: 12 East 22: 3 East. 186: 3 Bos and Pull 434. A bye law must be reasonable, if not it is bad, 1 Salk 143: 11 Co. R. 53: Moore 412, 576: Ld. Kenyon by Hanm. 500. As to the mode of making bye Laws Ld. Raym. 496: 2 P Wms. 209: Comb. 269: 1 Str. 385, we have been particular in citing authorities on this subject, as it is a continual source of litigation with all Corporations: as respects the College of Physicians, we shall have occasion in another place to refer more particularly to the case of the King, (at the instance of Dr. Stanger) against the Coll. of Phys. T. R. 282, in which this power was very ably argued and determined.
[83]. The name of Thomas Bonham also occurs about the same period among the signatures of several Surgeons. See Goodall.
[84]. A degree in either of the Universities is a good addition in pleading within the Statute of Additions. 1 Hen. 5. c. 5. See 2 Inst. 668. 1 Bl. Com. 405.