Till very lately, I had hopes of being able to spend a few weeks of the autumn in Cornwall, but I now find that it will not suit with my occupations. Not having it in my power to see you, you may believe that I am most anxious to hear from you.
We hear, at this time, in London of comparatively few scientific novelties. The wonders of revolutionized Paris occupy many of our scientific men; and the summer and autumn are not the working seasons in great cities. The rich and fashionable part of the community think it their duty to kill time in the country, and even philosophers are more or less influenced by the spirit of the times.
In the last volume of the Manchester Memoirs, i.e. the fifth, are some papers of Mr. Dalton on the Constitution of the Atmosphere; on the expansive powers of Steam; and on the dilatation of Elastic Fluids by Heat. As far as I can understand his subjects, the author appears to me to have executed them in a very masterly way. I wish very much to have your judgment upon his opinions, some of which are new and very singular.
Have you yet seen the theory of my colleague, Dr. Young, on the undulations of an Ethereal Medium as the cause of Light? It is not likely to be a popular hypothesis, after what has been said by Newton concerning it. He would be very much flattered if you could offer any observations upon it, whether for or against it. The paper is in the last volume of the Transactions.
I believe I mentioned to you in a former letter that Terra Japonica, or Extractum Catechu, contained a very large proportion of the tanning principle. My friend Mr. Purkis, an excellent practical tanner, has lately tried some experiments upon it in the large way. It answers very well, and I am now wearing a pair of shoes, the leather of one of which was tanned with oak-bark, and that of the other with Terra Japonica; and they appear to be equally good. We are in great hopes that the East India Company will consent to the importation of this article. One pound of it goes at least as far as nine pounds of oak-bark; and it could certainly be rendered in England for less than four-pence the pound: oak-bark is nearly one penny per pound.
The Zoonic acid, which M. Berthollet supposed to be a peculiar acid, has been lately shown by M. Thénard to be only acetous acid, holding a peculiar animal matter in solution.
Gregory Watt is just returned from the Continent, where he has passed the last fifteen months. He has been much delighted with his excursion, but his health is at present bad. I trust, however, that English roast-beef and English customs will speedily restore it.
We are publishing, at the Royal Institution, a Journal of Science, which contains chiefly abridged accounts of what is going on in different parts of Europe, with some original papers; and in hopes that its diffusion may become more general, we have fixed its price at one shilling. As soon as I have an opportunity, I will send you the last numbers of it.
I am beginning to think of my Course of Lectures for the winter. In addition to the common course of the Institution, I have to deliver a few lectures on Vegetable Substances, and on the connection of Chemistry with Vegetable Physiology, before the Board of Agriculture. I have begun some experiments on the powers of soils to absorb moisture, as connected with their fertility. I have, for this purpose, made a small collection of those of the calcareous and secondary countries, and I wish very much for some specimens from the granitic and schistose hills of Cornwall. If you could, without much trouble, cause to be procured from your estates different pieces of uncultivated soil, of about a pound weight each, I should feel much obliged to you. They should be accompanied by specimens of the stone or strata on which they lie.
I am, dear Sir, with affection and respect, yours,