Returns for 1882 gave 2,822 elementary public schools; 11,250 teachers; 1,143 private schools; total number of pupils, 557,932. There are 4 universities, 1 polytechnic school, 5 Roman Catholic, and 3 Protestant seminaries. Total expense of schools, $5,921,515.
GERMANY.
The third country in size in Europe. A confederate empire, composed of 25 States, and the Reichsland of Alsace-Lorraine. Capital, Berlin.
Climate uniform. Mean temperature of whole country, 48°; of the valley of the Rhine, 52°. Rainfall at Berlin, 24 inches.
About 63 per cent. of population is Protestant, and 36 per cent. Roman Catholic. Number of churches, 37,720. Education is general and compulsory. Number of elementary schools, 57,000; normal, 332; high, 1,100; technical high schools, 9; industrial and trade, 994. Universities, 21, with 25,964 students, of whom 89 per cent. are German, and 1 per cent. American. Number of public libraries, 594; number of daily papers, 560. The book fair at Leipzig annually disposes of 8,000 tons of books, valued at $8,000,000.
Every German is liable to service in the army, and no substitution is allowed. All Germans capable of bearing arms have to be in the standing army seven years,—three years in active service, and four in army of reserve; after which they form part of the Landwehr another five years. Army on peace footing numbers 427,274 soldiers, and 18,118 officers. Total war strength of trained soldiers would be 2,650,000; available force of all classes, 5,670,000.
Of the area, 94 per cent. is classed as productive. Leading products, 1882: corn, 16,435,620 tons; potatoes, 17,769,300 tons; beets, 874,654 tons; hay, 17,486,000 tons; 11,500 tons of hops, and over 35,000,000 gallons of wine. Value of farm animals, $1,486,000,000. The mineral products of 1883 were valued at over $116,000,000. Value of imports, 1883, $822,724,000; exports, $833,750. There are 23,940 breweries, producing annually 880,000,000 gallons of beer. The annual butter product is 160,000 tons.
Number of miles of railway, 1884, 22,617, of which 19,230 miles belong to the government. Length of telegraph lines, 47,637 miles; wires, 170,960 miles. Number of telegraph stations, 11,216. Number of postoffices, 13,637.
| STATES. | Area, Sq. Ml. | Pop. | Capitals. | Pop. | ||
| Prussia | 137,066 | 27,279,111 | Berlin | 1,122,360 | ||
| Bavaria | 29,292 | 5,284,778 | Munich | 230,023 | ||
| Wurtemberg | 7,675 | 1,971,118 | Stuttgart | 117,303 | ||
| Saxony | 6,777 | 2,972,805 | Dresden | 808,512 | ||
| Baden | 5,851 | 1,570,254 | Carlsruhe | 49,998 | ||
| Mecklenburg-Schwerin | 4,834 | 577,055 | Schwerin | 30,146 | ||
| Hesse | 2,866 | 936,340 | Darmstadt | 48,153 | ||
| Oldenburg | 2,417 | 337,478 | Oldenburg | 20,575 | ||
| Brunswick | 1,526 | 349,367 | Brunswick | 75,038 | ||
| Saxe-Weimar | 1,421 | 309,577 | Weimar | 19,994 | ||
| Mecklenburg-Strelitz | 997 | 100,269 | New Strelitz | 9,407 | ||
| Saxe-Meiningen | 933 | 207,075 | Meiningen | 11,227 | ||
| Anhalt | 869 | 232,592 | Dessau | 23,266 | ||
| Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | 816 | 194,716 |
| 15,791 26,525 | ||
| Saxe-Altenburg | 509 | 155,036 | Altenburg | 26,241 | ||
| Waldeck | 466 | 56,522 | Arolsen | 2,477 | ||
| Lippe | 445 | 120,246 | Detmold | 8,053 | ||
| Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | 340 | 80,296 | Rudolstadt | 8,747 | ||
| Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | 318 | 71,107 | Sondershansen | 6,110 | ||
| Reuss-Schleiz | 297 | 101,330 | Gera | 27,118 | ||
| Schaumburg-Lippe | 212 | 35,374 | Buckeburg | 5,088 | ||
| Reuss-Greiz | 148 | 50,782 | Greiz | 15,061 | ||
| Alsace-Lorraine | 5,580 | 1,566,670 | Strasburg | 104,471 |
