Temperature at Fort Gibson: winter, 35° to 48°: summer, 77° to 82°. Rainfall in extreme northwest, 20 inches, and at Fort Gibson, 36 inches.

Most important town, and capital of Cherokees, Tahlequah. Railroad mileage, 372. Capital of Chickasaws, Tishomingo; of Choctaws, Tushkahoma; of Creeks, Muscogee; of Osages, Pawhuska; of Seminoles, Seminole Agency; of Pawnees, Pawnee Agency; of Kiowas and Comanches, Kiowa and Comanche Agency.

Indian Agencies.
ARAPAHOE.
Agent $900
CHEYENNE.
Agent $2,200
Physician 1,200
KAW.
Superintend't $1,600
Physician 1,200
KIOWA AND COMANCHE.
Agent $1,000
Physician 1,000
OAKLAND.
Superintend't. $1,000
8 Teachers 600

OSAGE.
Agent $1,600
Physician 1,200
OTOE.
Agent $1,500
Physician 1,000
PAWNEE.
Clerk $1,200
Physician 1,000
PONCA.
Superinden't $1,200
Clerk 720
QUAPAW.
Agent $1,500
Physician 1,200
SAC AND FOX.
Agent $1,200
2 Physicians 1,000

Corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton and potatoes yield luxuriantly. Number horses, January, 1883, 125 per cent. of previous year; mules, 110 per cent.; hogs, 80 per cent.; milch cows, 85 per cent.; number sheep, 55,000, at average value of $2; oxen and other cattle, January, 1884, 520,000, valued at $8,840,000.

Stringent laws to protect from encroachments by whites. They can hold land only by marrying into one of the tribes. Recent official reports give Indian population about 80,000: Cherokees, 20,000; Choctaws, 16,500; Creeks, 14,500; Chickasaws, 7,000; Seminoles, 2,500; Osages, 2,390; Cheyennes, 3,298; Arapahoes, 2,676; Kiowas, 1,120; Pawnees, 1,438; Comanches, 1,475.

No Territorial government has as yet been organized, owing to differences in the views of Congress and the tribes. For each agency, a deputy is appointed by the President to represent the United States, but each tribe manages its own internal affairs. Most of the tribes governed by chiefs.

Of first five tribes, 33,650 can read, and have 16,200 houses, 195 schools, and 6,250 pupils. Expended from tribal funds for educational purposes, $156,856; from government appropriations for freedmen, $3,500.