Stability in the line of travel, or with the relative wind, so that the machine always tends to head into the wind.

A speed type biplane in which the body entirely fills the gap between the upper and lower wings.

A testing device in which a model wing or body is placed at the end of a revolving arm.

The main supporting surfaces of an aeroplane.

The face of a propeller blade lying next to the slip stream.

Due to skin friction and eddies, a moving aircraft drags a certain amount of the surrounding air with it. This reduces the effective resistance of the hull and increases the effective pitch of a pusher propeller since the latter acts on a forward moving mass of air. This is "Wake gain."

Launching with Catapult from Deck of Battleship