The Bruce

by John Barbour

1. The verb suppos is several times used as a conjunction.

2. the-quhethir = thohquhether = thohquether, “nevertheless,” unknown to the Southern dialects.[187]

GLOSSARY

1. Familiar words slightly disguised by spelling are not included.

2. C = Cambridge MS. of The Bruce; E = Edinburgh MS.; H = Hart’s printed edition; S = Skeat’s edition for Scottish Text Society (S.T.S.); N.E.D. = New English Dictionary; A.S. = Anglo-Saxon; A.F. = Anglo-French; O.F. = Old French; O.N. = Old Norse; N.E. = Northern English; v. = verb; p.t. = past tense; p.p. = past participle; s. = substantive.

3. i and y are completely interchangeable. In such cases as ar, air, ayr (ere), consult under first or earlier form.

4. Only the more significant or interesting references have been given, or those of single occurrence.

• A, one, a single: A gatis, in one way, uniformly, IV. 702
• Abaid, s., delay: v., waited = abode
• Abais, v., to abash, dismay, discourage;
• p.p. Abaysit, dismayed
• Abasing, Abaysyng, etc., s., dismay, discouragement
• Abandoune, Abaundoune, give up;
• make subject, IV. 655, etc.;
• behave boldly: at abandoune, recklessly;
• in abandoune, loosely
• Abovin, prep. and adv., above (A.S. ábúfan);
• also Abuf
• Acquyt, v., free
• Ado, to do = at do (N.E. infin.), X. 348
• Afald, “one fold,” single, XX. 618
• Affeir, Affer, s., bearing, pomp
• Afferis, belongs to, becomes (Anglo-Fr. afferir, to belong). See Effeir
• Affermit, confirmed
• Affy, trust
• Agane, Aganis, against
• Air, Ayr, s., heir
• Air, Ayr, adv., ere, formerly (A.S. ǣr). See Eir
• Air, v., are, IV. 704
• Alabast, alabaster
• Alkyn, adj., every kind
• Aller, gen. pl. of all: thar aller, of them all, I. 137. See Grammar
• All-gat, Allgait, always;
• every way, XVIII. 451
• All-weldand, “all-wielding,” omnipotent
• Alsone, Alsoyn(e), as soon, very soon
• Als-tit, very soon
• Alsua, also
• Alswith, very quickly
• Ameyssyt, appeased, XVI. 134 (O.F. amesir)
• Amonist, v., to admonish, exhort, VIII. 348
• Amonestyng, Amonystyng, s., advice, exhortation
• Amorus, adj., amorous
• Amouris, s., love
• Amovis, v., moves;
• p.p., Amovyt
• Anamalyt, p.p., enamelled, XX. 305
• Anciente, antiquity, VI. 252 (A.F. ancienté)
• Anent, prep., near;
• towards;
• opposite to, XIX. 512
• Anerly, only, merely, alone
• Angyr, anger, affliction, suffering, I. 235, II. 519;
• also adj., Angry, difficult, unfavourable, V. 70;
• pained, III. 530;
• annoying, XVIII. 515
• Anis, Anys, once: at anys, at once
• A-pane, for all that, nevertheless;
• really a mere expletive: “at a pinch” (Skeat)
• Apert, adj., open: in apert, openly, XIX. 217
• Appurvait, provided
• Aquynt, acquainted
• Ar, Air, Ayr, adv., before, formerly (A.S. ǣr)
• Ar, an oar;
• pl. aris
• Arbytre, judgment, decision, I. 75 (O.F. arbitre or arbitrie)
• Arest, s. and v., arrest, stop
• Arettit, v., p.p., accused, XIX., 20 (O.F. aretter, to accuse)
• Arsoune, saddle-bow, XVI. 131
• Assay, v., “essay,” try, attempt, attack;
• also p.t., underwent, I. 448
• Assege, s., siege;
• also v., Assegit, besieged
• Assenyhe, war-cry;
• also, ensenyhe
• Assentit, “assented,” agreed
• Assignit, p.p., assigned
• Assis, assize, court of law, XIX. 55
• Assolyheit, v., p.t., absolved, set free
• Assonyheit, p.p., excused (O.F. essoigner)
• Assouerans, s., assurance
• Assouerit, v., “assured,” give confidence to, encourage, VI. 225;
• also intrans., to have confidence in, rely upon, XI. 309
• Ath, Ayth, oath
• Atour, prep., over, above
• Atour, s., gear, equipment (O.F. atour, ator, furniture, gear)
• Aucht, v., ought;
• p.p., possessed, I. 45
• Auchty, eighty
• Aulde, old
• Availyhe, Availl, to be of use
• Avalyhe, in phrase IX. 147, “avail what may avail,” come what will.
• Availl, v., lower
• Avaward, vanguard
• Avenand, handsome, graceful (O.F. avenant, well-proportioned)
• Avent, v., to give air to, cool, XII. 145
• Aventurous, “adventurous,” dangerous, risky
• Averty, shrewd, prudent
• Avisè, skilful, II. 271, prudent
• Avisment, Avisement, advice, consideration
• Avis, advice, opinion;
• sound judgment, X. 269
• Awayward, in their going away, XVI. 584
• Awblasteris, arbalisters, crossbow-men, XVII. 236 (E). See Oblesteris
• Awmener, a purse (O.F. aumosniere, a bag for alms)
• Awter, altar, II. 33, 34
• Aynd, s., breath (O.N. andi)
• Aynding, s., breathing
• Ay-quhar, everywhere
• Ayr, oar;
• pl. Ayris
• Ayth, oath
• 
  Bacheler, Bachiller, a young knight, not displaying his own banner but following that of another
• Baid. See Abaid
• Baill, burning mass (A.S. bǣl, great fire)
• Bailyheys, bailiffs
• Bair, v., p.t., bore
• Bait, Bate, a boat (A.S. bāt)
• Baitit, v., p.t., baited, fed. See Bayt
• Baneour, a banner-bearer
• Banys, bones
• Banyst, v., p.p., banished
• Banrentis, bannerets, XI. 259: knights bringing vassals under their own banner. Cf. Bacheler
• Bar, v., p.t., bore: bar on hand, maintained against, hence condemned, excluded, I. 62. See note
• Barblyt, barbed
• Barell-ferraris, vessels for carrying liquid, XV. 39. See note
• Bargane, s. and v., fight, encounter
• Barganyng, s., fighting, combat
• Barnage, baronage (O.F. barnaige, gathering of barons)
• Barnè = barnage (word of two syllables)
• Barras, barriers, outwork (O.F. barres; pl. of barre, a stake)
• Barrit, p.t., barred
• Basnet, a helmet of conical shape (O.F. bacin, a basin, giving dimin. bacinet)
• Bat(e), boat. See Bait
• Bath, both
• Battaillyt, Battalit, furnished with battlements
• Battale, battell, a battalion, division of the army
• Battel-sted, a battlefield, XV. 74
• Bauld, adj., bold;
• also adv., Bauldly
• Bayt, to feed
• Bawlmyt, embalmed
• Be, prep., by
• Bedene, Bedeyn, straightway, quickly;
• in XV. 108 as an expletive, or with no particular force
• Beforn, prep. and adv., before
• Begouth, v., p.t. of began. See Grammar.
• Begunnyn, Begonnyn, v., p.p., begun
• Behaldand, v., pr. p., beholding
• Behufis, v. impers., it behoves: behufit away, had to go, VI. 210
• Bekand, warming, XIX. 552
• Belif(f), speedily, soon
• Bemys, beams
• Benk, bench
• Berdlass, beardless
• Berfrois, a tower, modern belfry. See note X. 708
• Berne, a barn
• Berynes, s., burial, variant of “buriness” (A.S. byrignes, a burial)
• Bet, v., beat, XIII. 158
• Bet, v., p.t., improved, mended, XIX. 497 (A.S. betan, to better, repair)
• Betane, pursued, p.p. (Northern) of betake, III. 159
• Betaucht. See Beteche
• Betraiss, to betray;
• p.p. Betrasyt, Betresyt
• Beteche, to commit, hand over;
• part., betaucht
• Betyd, v.;
• pr. sub., happen
• Biggit, built and so, inhabited, XIV. 383
• Bikkyr, Bykkir, to skirmish;
• pr. part., Bikkyrring;
• p.t., Bykkerit
• Blenknyt, v.;
• p.t., blinked, glanced;
• variant of next form
• Blenkyt, looked to the side, glanced, shone (A.S. blīcan, to shine)
• Bodword, a message, XV. 423 (N.E. only)
• Bodyn, p.p. (obs.), of Bid, bidden, challenged to fight;
• armed, VII. 103
• Bollis, bushels
• Boruch, pledge (A.S. borh, a pledge)
• Bot, but
• Boune, Bown, Bowne, prepared, ready;
• adj. and p.p.;
• v., bown, to make ready
• Bow-draucht, bow-shot
• Bourdand, jesting, humorous, VIII. 383 (O.F. bourder, to jest)
• Boyis, fetters, X. 763 (O.F. boie, buie)
• Brad, Braid, broad
• Bra-syd, brae—i.e., hill-side
• Brast, v., to break, “burst,” XV. 479;
• p.t., Brest, Brist.
• See Language, “r”
• Bredis, v., expand, spread out, XVI. 68 (A.S. brædan, to spread)
• Breid, breadth: on breid, in breadth (A.S. brædu, breadth)
• Brig, Bryg, s., bridge: as v., Briggit, bridged
• Brocht, broucht, brought
• Browdyn, p.p., embroidered
• Bruk(e), v., enjoy
• Brulyheit, broiled, burned
• Brym, shore;
• originally “the line which separates the land from the sea” (Max Müller)
• Bryn, to burn. See Language, “r”
• Brynstane, brimstone
• Bundin, Bundyn, p.p., bound
• Burchis, s. pl., burghs, towns
• Burd, board: Burdys, Burdis (II. 96, V. 388), the boards of a temporary table
• Burgeonys, leaves, fresh shoots, V. 10
• Buschement, an ambush
• Busk, to prepare oneself, get ready;
• past, buskit
• But, prep., without: but persaving, without being seen, XVII. 92
• Bynk. See Benk
• Byrd, it behoved;
• past of reflexive verb: VI. 316
• Byrkis, birches
• Byrnys, “birnies,” shirts of mail
• 
  Cald, Cauld, cold
• Call, to drive. See note on X. 227;
• labour, XIX. 174
• Can, did (auxiliary). Cf. Gan
• Cant, active, brisk
• Car, “care” in sense of grief, regret
• Cariage, Caryage, s., baggage
• Carle, Carll, churl, peasant
• Carpand, v., pr. p., talking
• Carpi(y)ng, s., speaking, narrative
• Cataill, Catell, property, III. 735, V. 275. See Fe. Chaucer has it in this sense
• Cause, Cawse (two syllables), causeway, highroad (O.Nor.F. caucie = chaussée)
• Certis, certainly, I. 21, XVII. 812
• Chak-wachis, s., “check-watches,” inspectors of the guard
• Challans, s., challenge
• Challans, v., accuse, XIX. 60 (O.F. chalonger)
• Chalmer, Chamur, Chamyr, Chawmer, chamber. See on Language, “m”
• Chapyt, p.p., escaped
• Charge, business on hand, I. 141
• Chargeand, pr. p. of charge, load, XVI. 458;
• p.p., chargit, IV. 401, etc.
• Charre (two syllables), s., a collection of chariots or waggons
• Chasty, v., to chasten;
• check, I. 122;
• reprove, IX. 742, 743, 751
• Cheis, Cheys, choose. See Ches
• Chekys, gate-posts, X. 229
• Chemyr, “Chimer,” a loose gown, specially that of a bishop, to which the lawn sleeves are attached, XVI. 580
• Ches, v., to choose;
• p.t., Chesi(y)t;
• p.p., Chosyn
• Chevisance, provision, III. 402 (O.F. chevir, to furnish)
• Cheyff, in: directly from the Lord Paramount
• Childer, s. pl., children. See Grammar
• Childyne, s.—i.e., childing, travail with a child
• Chos, s., choice, III. 264
• Claif, Clafe, Claff, v., p.t., clove, cleft
• Clap, knock, noise, X. 401
• Cled, v., p.t., clad
• Cleket, catch, trigger (F. cliquet, a catch), X. 401;
• XVII. 674
• Clengit, cleared, emptied
• Clergy, learning, IV. 689
• Clerkis, men of learning, I. 249
• Clething, clothing
• Cleuch, a gorge, hollow
• Clummyn, p.p. of Clym, climb
• Cole (two syllables), a buffet. See note on VII. 623
• Com, s., coming
• Compering, s., comparison, I. 261
• Compositur, arbiter, I. 883
• Conabill, adj., proper, fitting, III. 290, V. 266 (O.F. covenable, suitable)
• Confort, comfort
• Conand. See Cunnand
• Consaf, v., conceive;
• p.p., consavit, XX. 186
• Conteyning, Contynyng = containing, s., demeanour, behaviour
• Conteyn, v., demean or carry oneself;
• past, Contenyt
• Contrar, adj., contrary;
• also Contrar, s., oppression, I. 461
• Contraryit, v., p.t., countered, opposed
• Convyn, Convyne. See Covyne
• Cosynage, relationship, V. 135
• Cosyne, cousin, near relative
• Coupillyt, “coupled,” united
• Couth, (1) could, (2) did auxiliary, III. 460, XX. 250;
• past of can.
• See Grammar (Verb)
• Covatis, covetousness
• Cover, v., to recover;
• p.t., Coverit
• Coveryng, recovery, IX. 113
• Covyne, s., counsel, XIII. 122;
• agreement, mental power, IX. 77;
• secret design or contrivance;
• condition, XIII. 219 (O.F. covine, couvine, convine, manner of being, contrivance)
• Crakkis (“cracks”), explosions;
• gynis for crakkis, engines for explosions, guns, XVII. 250;
• so also crakkis of wer, XIX. 399
• Croice, s., cross, III. 461
• Cruk, s., a “crook,” a large hook, X. 363
• Crykis, crevices, X. 602, 605 (O.F. crique)
• Cuke, a cook
• Culter, a coulter, IV. 113
• Cummyrsum, “cumbersome,” difficult to cross
• Cun, v., to know, XIX. 182 (A.S. cunnan, to know)
• Cunnand, s., covenant, agreement
• Cunnannes, s., cunning, III. 712
• Cuntyrnans = Countynans, Contenance, face, manner, IX. 273
• Cunyhe, a coign, corner
• Custumabilly, customarily, XV. 236
• 
  Dang. See Dyng
• Dantè, Daynte, s., pleasure, eagerness, honour, affection
• Daw, of, “of day”—i.e., out of life: doyn out of dawis, killed, VI. 650
• Dawing, Dawyng, s., dawning
• Dawit, p.t., dawned;
• p.pt., Dawyn
• De, v., to die;
• p.t., Deit
• Debowalit, Debowellit, v., p.p., disembowelled. XX. 285, 570
• Ded, Deid, s., death;
• pl., Dedis, XVII. 115: done to ded, slain
• Dedeynyheit, him, v., p.t. impers., he deigned
• Defawtyt, “defaulted,” put in fault, I. 182
• Defoull, defile
• Degyse (three syllables), feigned, XIX. 459 (F. déguisé, disguised)
• Deill, s., part, bit: nocht a deill, not a bit
• Delitabill, pleasant
• Deli(y)ver, adj., nimble, quick;
• also adv., Deliverly, Delyverly
• Demanyne, to waste, spoil, ill-treat;
• to rule, manage;
• to be behaved, to conduct oneself, V. 229: p.t., Demane(y)t (O.F. demener, to treat, exercise, etc.)
• Dempt, doomed
• Demyng, judgment, doom
• Demys, judges, decides (A.S. dēman, to judge)
• Den, v., to dam, XIV. 354
• Depart, to part, depart, VI. 552
• Der, v., dare, risk. III. 382
• Deray, disorder, injury (O.F. desrai, disorder, harm)
• Derenyhe, v., prove, vindicate (O.F. desraisnier, to render a reason, defend);
• s., single combat or duel, XIII. 324, 325
• Derff, strong, daring
• Deris, v., harms (A.S. derian, to harm)
• Det, s., debt
• Devis, v., narrate;
• determine, propose, plan (F. deviser, speak, decide, etc.);
• also noun, at all devis, in every way, IV. 264, etc.;
• at thair devis, to their liking, according to their plan, X. 363
• Devour, duty (O.F. deveir)
• Dey, v., to die;
• p.t., Deyt.
• See De
• Dicht, v., dress, prepare (A.S. dihtan, to prepare);
• p.p., Dycht
• Digne, worthy
• Dik, ditch, entrenchment;
• as v., Dik thame, entrench themselves, XVII. 271
• Disclar, v., declare, I. 75
• Discrif, Discryre, v., describe;
• p.p., Discrivit
• Discure, v., discover
• Discurrouris, “discoverers,” scouts, spies
• Disese, s., discomfort
• Disherys, Dysherysys, v., disinherit
• Dispari(y)t, v., p.p., in despair
• Dispend, v., to spend
• Dispending, s., what they might spend—i.e., money—VIII. 509
• Dispitous, adj., spiteful, cruel;
• also adv., spitefully, severely, angrily
• Disponis, v., disposes
• Dispulyheit, p.p., despoiled
• Dissaf, v., deceive
• Dissat, s., deceit
• Distrenyhit, compelled
• Distrowbilling, s., disturbance, annoyance, V. 216
• Dittit, closed up (A.S., dyttan, to close up)
• Do, thrive, succeed, II. 128
• Dochtrys, daughters, I. 200
• Dongen, Dungin. See Dyng
• Dosnyt, Doysnyt, stunned, dazed
• Dour, determined, stubborn, severe
• Dowtyne, s., doubting, XIV. 230
• Doyne, p.p. of do, done
• Dre, Drey, v., endure (A.S. drëogan, to suffer)
• Dreid, s., dread, fear: but drede, doubtless, IV. 277;
• withouten dreid, without doubt, V. 579
• Dreuch, Drewch, drew, dragged
• Drif, Dryf, Dryve, v., to drive;
• continue, X. 699;
• pull, X. 255;
• Drafe, Drivin
• Drouery, Drowry, love. See note on VIII. 492
• Dule, sadness, grief (O.F. duel, dueil, sorrow, suffering)
• Dulfull, “doleful,” sad
• Dusche, a heavy blow
• Duschit, fell heavily, XVII. 693
• Dyng, v., strike;
• past, Dang;
• p.p., Dungin, Doungyn
• Dynnyt, made a sound, XVI. 131
• Dyspitit, v., p.t., treated spitefully, hated, IV. 596
• 
  E, Ey, s., eye. See Eyn
• Effer, Effeir(e), Effere (also Affeir), s., bearing, demeanour, I. 361, V. 608, VII. 126, etc.;
• stature, XX. 515;
• equipment, belongings, XI. 196;
• business, X. 305 (O.F. afaire, thing, business, etc.)
• Efferis. See Afferis
• Effray, fear;
• also Effraying
• Effrait, Effrayit, p.p., terrified;
• also adv., Effrayitly
• Eft, again, VI. 378
• Eftir, adv., afterwards;
• prep., after;
• also Eftirward, Efterwartis
• Eftsonis, soon after
• Egging, s., urging, pressing
• Eild, Elde, s., age
• Eir, Er(e), adv., “ere,” before
• Eisfull, easy, V. 70
• Ek, v., add to
• Ek, adv., also (A.S. ēac)
• Eld-fadir, grandfather
• Eldris, Eldrys, elders, forefathers
• Elys, eels, II. 577
• Emang, among
• Embandownyt, v., p.p., subjected. See Abandoune
• Enchawfyt, v., p.p., heated, incensed
• Enchesoun(e), Enchesone, occasion, reason, cause (O.F. enchaison; Lat. occasionem)
• Enclynit, v., p.t., inclined
• Endentur, s., indenture
• Endlang, prep. and adv., along;
• forward, XIX. 356: endlang furth, right along forward, XVI. 548
• Eneuch, enough
• Enew, adj. pl., enough
• Enfors, s., force, XVII. 448
• Enforsaly, Enforcely, forcibly
• Enforsit, “enforced,” strengthened
• Engreif, Engreiff, grieve, annoy
• Engynour, engineer, XVII. 434, 663
• Enkrely, Encrely, especially;
• really, III. 529;
• earnestly, heartily
• Enpres, Enpris, Empris, enterprise;
• price, value, X. 507
• Ensample, Ensampill, etc., s., example
• Enselyt, v., p.t., sealed
• Ens(s)enyhe, war-cry (O.F. enseigne, banner, war-cry)
• Entencioune, intention, X. 527
• Ententif, attentive;
• also adv., Ententily
• Entremas, or Entremess, something served between the courses of a banquet (O.F. entremès = entremets)
• Enveronyt, environed, surrounded
• Erar, adv., sooner, rather
• Erd, earth: at erd, on the ground
• Erding, Erdyng, s., burial
• Erdit, v., p.p., buried
• Ernystfully, earnestly, seriously, VIII. 144
• Erynes, fear, II. 295
• Es, Eys, ease, I. 228: male es, mail eis, disease, XX. 73, 74. See Male-ess
• Escheiff, XIX. 778. See Escheve
• Eschele, Eschell, a squadron, company (O.F. eschele)
• Escheve, v., to achieve;
• past, Eschevyt;
• p.p., Eschevit
• Eschewe, v., to eschew, avoid
• Espyne, a long boat, XVII. 719 (O.N. espingr)
• Et(e), v., to eat;
• Ete, Eyt, Etyn, VII. 169, 170
• Etlyng, Etling, aim, endeavour, intention
• Everilk, every
• Exorcisaciones, exorcisings, IV. 750
• Eym(e), uncle (A.S. ēam);
• Emy’s, uncle’s
• Eyn(e), eyes;
• pl. of E, Ey
• Eyth, easy, XVII. 454 (A.S. īethe)
• 
  Fa, Fay, a foe (A.S. fāh);
• pl., Fais, Fayis;
• also Famen, foemen
• Failyhe, v., to fail, give way, faint, lose
• Fair, s., manner, XI. 256;
• condition, success, XVI. 21;
• journey
• Falding, s., falling, change
• Faldyn, fallen, XI. 547. See note
• Fall-brig, “fall-bridge,” drawbridge, XVII. 419
• Fallow, s., fellow, companion
• Fallow, v., to follow
• Falset, Falsat, Falsade, falsehood
• Fand, v., p.t., found
• Fanding. See Faynd
• Fantiss, Fayntice, faintness of heart;
• Fantyss, deceit, XVII. 51
• Far, v., to fare, go;
• p.p., Farn, Faryne;
• s., ‘fare,’ circumstance, pomp;
• effort, XVII. 400;
• good cheer, XIX. 730;
• adv., fairly, becomingly
• Farand, Farrand, handsome, fit, II. 514, XI. 95
• Fardele, a bundle
• Farlyit, v., p.t., wondered. See Ferly
• Farsis, v., stuffs (F. farcir, to stuff)
• Fassoun, Fassownys (pl.), fashion, way
• Fast, adv., earnestly, zealously, I. 42;
• strongly, vigorously, XIII. 129
• Faucht, Fawcht, fought
• Fawt, Faute, fault
• Fay, faith, fealty: at a fay, “at one faith”—i.e., subject to the same lord
• Faynd, v. (Scots form of Fand, obsolete verb), try, tempt;
• past, Fayndit;
• p.p., Fayndit (A.S. fandian, to try, prove);
• also s., Faynding, “tempting of Providence” (Skeat), III. 268. Cf. XII. 364
• Fe, Fee, cattle;
• property, XIII. 725 (A.S. feoh, cattle, goods);
• Chaucer has “catel” (cattle) in this sense of wealth;
• of fee, by fief, in feudal ownership, XI. 456;
• pl., here Feys, I. 58
• Feble, v., to become feeble, II. 384
• Feblis, v., to enfeeble;
• p.p., Feblist
• Fechand, fetching, III. 428. See Language, etc.
• Fecht, to fight
• Fechting, Fechtyne, s., fighting
• Fechting-sted, s., place of fighting
• Feill, Fele, Feyll, adj., many (A.S. fele)
• Feir, Fer, adj., unhurt: haill and feir, safe and sound
• Feir, Fere, s., companion (A.S. gēfera, a travelling companion)
• Fell, v., pertained, XVII. 176;
• befell, happened
• Felloun(e), Feloune, “terrible,” cruel, wicked;
• also adv., Fellounly, etc.
• Felly, adv., cruelly, severely, exceedingly;
• also Fellely
• Felouny, s., cruelly, fierceness, harm
• Fendis, fiends, IV. 224
• Fens, defence, XX. 384
• Fenyhe, v., to feign;
• also s., Fenyheyng, feigning, I. 74
• Fer, adv., far: fer out the mair, very much the more, VI. 666;
• on fer, afar;
• Fer-furth, far forward, XIX. 376
• Ferd, fourth
• Ferd, v., p.t., fared. See Far
• Ferlifull, wonderful
• Ferly, s., a wonder
• Ferly, adj., wonderful (A.S. fǣrlīc, “fear-like,” strange);
• also adv.
• Ferm, adj., firm;
• adv., Fermly
• Ferrer, Ferrest, adj., farther, farthest, XIX. 537, 530
• Ferryit, farrowed
• Fersly, fiercely
• Fesnyng, Festnyng, s., fastening, compact, XX. 57;
• confinement, XV. 309
• Fetrys, fetters
• Fewte, fealty, service
• Fey, dying, doomed, XV. 45 (Icel. feigr, doomed to die)
• Feys, fiefs, I. 58
• Ficht. See Fecht. Fichtyne = Fechting
• Flaggatis, faggots
• Flaikes, hurdles, XIX. 742*. See footnote
• Flang, v., p.t., flung
• Flatlyngis, flat, XII. 59
• Flaw, flew;
• p.t. of Fle
• Flawmand, “flaming,” fluttering brightly, XI. 192
• Flechand, cajoling
• Fletand, Fleting, floating
• Fleying, s., “fleeing,” flight, XIX. 459
• Fleyit, p.p., frightened, scared
• Flicht, Flycht, flight
• Flote, a fleet (cf. A.S. flota, a ship);
• on flot, afloat, XIV. 359
• Flure, floor, V. 400
• Fluss, pool, XIII. 20
• Flyt, float, III. 420
• For, prep., against, XIV. 115
• Forbeft, quite beaten, XVII. 793;
• Beft (N.E.) means “to strike, to beat”;
• “For” is intensive
• Forby, by
• Fordid, “did for,” spoiled
• Forfalt, forfeited, XIII. 499
• Forfayr, go to ruin;
• past subj., Forfure, go wrong, fail, X. 529 (A.S. forfaran)
• Forgane, “fore-gainst,” opposite to, XVI. 555
• Forlorn, quite lost, X. 246
• Forly, v., violate, I. 199
• Formast, adv., foremost
• Forouch, For(r)outh, For(r)ow, prep., “for with,” before
• Forout, Forowt, without
• Forouten, Foroutyn, Forowtyn, prep., without, besides (A.S. forūtan)
• Forouth. See Forouch
• Forow, Forrow, before
• Forsicht, Forsycht, s., foresight
• Forsuk, avoided, turned from, XIV. 315
• Forspokyn, v., p.p., agreed upon
• Forswat, v., p.p., covered with sweat, VII. 2
• Forsy(e), strong
• Forthi, therefore (A.S. forthī)
• Forthirmar, adv., farther
• Fortravalit, v., p.p., exhausted by labour
• Forwounderit, v., p.p., greatly surprised, VI. 10
• Foundyn, v., p.p., found
• Foysoun(e), Fusioune, abundance, great number (O.F. foison, plenty)
• Fra, from
• Frakly, eagerly, VII. 166 (A.S. frac, bold)
• Franchis, liberty, XI. 268 (O.F. franchise, freedom)
• Fra-thine, from that time forward
• Fray, s., fear, XV. 255
• Fraying, clanking, clashing, X. 653 (O.F. freiier, to rub)
• Frely, noble, III. 578. See note (A.S. frēolic, free-handed, noble)
• Frer, a friar, XVIII. 300
• Frest, delay (Icel. frest, delay)
• Freyast, freest
• Freyndsome, friendly
• Froggis, frocks, X. 375
• Froytis, fruits, X. 191
• Frusch(e), s., rush, crash, charge;
• v., to crush in or break violently (O.F. fruissier, froissier, to break)
• Fudyr, “fodder,” a load, specially a waggon-load, as here, X. 198 (A.S. fōther, a load)
• Fule-hardyment, s., fool-hardiness, VI. 337, 340
• Fundyng, benumbment with cold (O.F. emfondre).
• Fundyn, Fundin, v., p.p., found, provided for
• Funyheit, “foined,” fenced
• Fur(e), p.t. of Fare, fared, went on his way;
• behaved, II. 503
• Furrit, furred
• Fusioune. See Foysoun
• Fut-breid, s., foot’s-breadth, XI. 365
• Fute, person. III. 578. See note
• Fut(e)-hate, “foot-hot,” with all speed
• Fyschit, v., p.p., fixed, resolved, XX. 178
• 
  Ga, go;
• p.p., Gane, gayn
• Gabbing, s., lie, deceit (A.S. gabban, to lie, jest);
• p.p., Gabbit, IV. 290
• Gaddering, Gaderyng, s., gathering;
• as v., p.t., Gad(d)eret
• Gadwand, goad or whip, X. 232. (A.S. gād)
• Gaf(f), Gaiff, gave
• Galay, v., reel, II. 422
• Gam(m)yn, game, play (A.S. gamen, sport)
• Gan, v. = p.t. of ginnen, used as an auxiliary, did. Cf. Can
• Gang, go;
• walk, in phrase gang no ryd, IV. 193;
• pr.p., Gangand
• Garris. See Ger
• Gast, ghost, XIX. 214
• Gat, way: a gatis, in one way, IV. 702
• Gayne-cumming, “against-coming,” attack, II. 450
• Gayne-geving, “again-giving,” restoration, I. 115
• Geddis, pikes (the fish) (O.N. gedda)
• Ger, v., to cause;
• p.t., Gert
• Gestis, joists, beams, XVII. 597. See note
• Ghyle, guile, I. 172
• Gif(f), Gyff, conj., if: bot gif, unless
• Gladschip, gladness (A.S. glaedscipe)
• Gle, Glew, glee;
• also game or business, affair in yheid the gle, I. 90, etc
• Glemand, gleaming
• Gliffnyt, v., p.t., looked quickly up
• Glowand, glowing
• Gottyn, Gottin, p.p., got
• Governale, government, skill in governing
• Graith, ready;
• also adv., Graithly, Grathly, directly, speedily (O.N. greithr, ready)
• Granting, confession, XIX. 45
• Granys, groans
• Grathit, v., p.t. and p.p., made ready
• Gravyn, v., p.p., buried, IV. 309
• Gret(e), to weep (A.S. grētan);
• also s., Greting, weeping
• Gretumly, greatly, extremely
• Grevis, s., groves, V. 13
• Grewit thame, v., p.t., impers., it made them shudder. See Grow
• Grow, to quake with terror, to shake;
• p.t., Growit, Grewit
• Gruching, grudging, XVI. 19;
• Gruchys, v., objects, II. 123
• Grund, “ground,” land, XX. 325. See note
• Grundyn, p.p., ground
• Gude, s., property, XVII. 105;
• pl., Gudis
• Gyit, p.p., guided;
• still Sc. in “guy-rope,” guiding-rope (O.F. guier, to guide)
• Gyn, s., device, stratagem;
• Gyne, engine, XVII. 682, 691;
• Gynnys, pl., contrivance, some sort of net or trap, II. 576 (O.F. engin, from Lat. ingenium)
• Gynour, s., engineer. See above
• Gyrd, s., a sharp stroke, blow;
• also pr. p., Gyrdand, rushing forward, II. 417
• Gyrnand, growling, speaking angrily, IV. 322;
• Skeat says “grinning,” of which it is a variant by metathesis of r, but also with a different shade of meaning; it is an ordinary Scots word in sense given
• Gyrs, s., grass (A.S. gers)
• Gyrth, sanctuary
• 
  Hachit, s., hatchet
• Haill, Hale, Halle, adj., whole, sound: all haill, wholly;
• also = adv., Halely, Halyly, Haly
• Hailsyt, Halsit, saluted, II. 153
• Haldaris, s., holders
• Half-deill, half-part, half, XIV. 188, 497
• Hals, neck
• Halsing, salutation, VII. 117
• Haltand, pr. p., “halting,” lame
• Haly, holy (A.S. hālig)
• Hamly, adj. and adv., homely, kindly, in a friendly way
• Hansell, s., a present at the commencement, V. 120
• Hardis, s., “hards,” or bundles of flax-fibres
• Hardnyt, v., p.t., emboldened, urged on, XII. 500
• Harnas, armour (O.F. harnois, with dialectal form harnas)
• Harnys, brains
• Hat, v., p.t., was named;
• p.p., Hattyn (A.S., hātan, to be called);
• p.p., haten, N.E.
• Hat, Hate, Het, adj., hot;
• also adv., Hat, hotly
• Hawbrekis, hauberks
• Hawbryschownys, habergeons
• Hawch, s., haugh, low-land, XVI. 336
• Hawtane, proud, I. 196 (O.F. haltain, high)
• Haym(e), home
• He, Hee, Hey, adj., high;
• also adv., loud (A.S. hēh)
• Hecht, to promise;
• to be named (A.S. heht, pret. of hātan;
• used as present, N.E. See Hat)
• Hede-soyme, the rope attaching the yoke to the waggon, X. 180
• Heill, v., cover;
• p.t. and p.p., Helit, Helyt, covered, hid (A.S. helan, to cover)
• Heirschip, harrying, wasting (A.S. hergian, to ravage with an army, here)
• Helde, v., to incline;
• pr. p., Heldand, inclining, V. 153
• Heling, s., covering
• Helmys, helmets
• Hely, adv., highly, loudly
• Hendir, behind, past. Cf. Hendirmar, Henmast
• Her, master (Skeat, reading doubtful), IX. 640
• Herbery, Herbry, s., lodging (A.S. herebeorga, shelter for an army)
• Herbery v. reflex, to “harbour” themselves, take lodging;
• p.t. Herberyd, Herbryit
• Herbreouris, men sent on to secure lodgings
• Herd, adj. and adv., hard
• Herrodis, heraulds (O.F. heraut)
• Hertit, heartened, encouraged, XVI. 662
• Hevede, s., head, V. 11 (A.S. hēafod)
• Heych, adj., high;
• s., Heycht, Hicht, a height: into the hicht, openly, V. 487
• Heyt, p.p., raised “high,” exalted
• Hicht, s., a promise
• Hicht, v. See Hecht or Heych
• Hiddillis, Hyddillis, a hiding-place (sing.), VI. 382 (A.S. hydels, a den)
• Hidwys, adj., hideous;
• adv., Hydwisly
• Hing, Hyng, to hang
• Hint, Hynt, seized, took (A.S. hentan, to seize)
• Ho, s., delay, XX. *429. See note
• Hobland, tossing about, IV. 447
• Hobleris, light horsemen—i.e., riders on unarmoured horses—(Anglo-Fr. hobeleor—our, derivative of hobin. See next)
• Hobynis, light horses not strong enough to wear armour (O.F. hobin, hobi, apparently of English origin)
• Holl, adj., hollow, deep, VIII. 176
• Holl, adj., whole, VI. 78
• How-gatis, how. See Gat
• Howis, holes, XI. 153
• Howis, “hoes,” picks on long poles for warlike purposes, XVII. 344 (F. houe, a hoe)
• Hoyn, s., delay
• Hude, a hood; pl. Hudis, XIX.
  332
• Hufe, remain, lie in wait;
• pr. p., Hufand, Huvande
• Humely, Humylly, humbly
• Huntand, pr. p., hunting
• Husband, a small farmer
• Huvande. See Hufe
• Hy, s., haste;
• v. reflex, to hasten (A.S. higian, to hie)
• Hyde, skin, III. 584. II. 511
• Hye, adj., high;
• adv., loudly;
• v., to heighten
• Hyne, s., a hind, lad, XII. 460
• Hyrcheoune, hedgehog (O.F. heriçon, a hedgehog)
• 
  Ic, I
• Ik, adv., eke;
• also III. 326. See Ek
• Ilk, Ilka, same, each. See Grammar for distinction
• Ilkan(e), Ilkone, everyone, each one
• Inew, adj., enough. See Enew
• Inewch, enough
• Infair, a house-warming, XVI. 340
• Inforcely, adv., with great force
• Inforsit, v., p.t., “enforced,” strengthened, IV. 65
• Ingrevand, pr. p., “engrieving,” annoying
• In-myd, prep., amid
• Innouth, prep., within
• In-sundir, adv., asunder
• Intermelle, mixed up, confusedly, XIV. 215
• In-till, prep., in, into
• Intwyn, asunder, VIII. 175
• Isch, v., to issue;
• p.t., Ischyt
• Iwiss, adv., certainly, truly, XVI. 154 (A.S. gewis, certain)
• 
  Jolely, handsomely, well
• Joly, handsome, good; gay, high-spirited, VIII. 446 (F. joli)
• Journee, a day’s work, a battle or feat of arms (Fr.)
• Jowele, jewel, XVIII. 360
• Juntly, close up, XVII. 689
• Justing, s., jousting, XIX. 520
• 
  Karlis, “churls,” fellows (O.N. karl, a man)
• Ken, v., to know, recognize, perceive;
• instruct, direct, show;
• pres., Kennys, IV. 748;
• p.t., Kend;
• p.p., Kend
• Kendlyt, v., p.p., kindled
• Kep, Keip, s., heed: takand na kep, taking no heed, I. 212
• Kers, Carse, low land bordering a river
• Kest, v., p.t., cast
• Kinrik, Kynrik, kingdom
• Knaf, Knave, a boy: knaiff child, a male child
• Knawyng, s., knowledge
• Ky, pl. of cow (A.S. cū, cȳ)
• Kyndly, adj., of nature, IV. 721, etc.
• Kyne, s., kind: na kyn(e), of no kind
• Kynrik, kingdom, royal power
• Kyrnaill, s., a battlement (O.F. crenelle)
• Kyt, a wooden vessel or pail
• 
  Ladis, s., loads
• Lafe, Laif(f), Layff, Lave, the rest, the remainder (A.S. lāf)
• Landar (E., Lavender), Layndar, a laundress
• Land-brist, surf
• Lang, long. Cf. Langar
• Lansit, Lansyt, bounded, dashed forward (O.F. lancier, throw forward;
• the O.Nor.F. form lancher has been adopted as “Launch”)
• Lans, s., rush, leap, X. 414
• Lap, v., p.t., leapt
• Lardener, a larder. V. 410
• Larg(e), liberal (O.F. large)
• Larges, bounty, liberty: at his larges, to the full, VII. 378
• Lasair, Lasare, Laser, Laseir, leisure
• Lat, s., let, hindrance, XII. 516
• Lat, v., let
• Lat, Layt, adj., late
• Late, s., manner, behaviour, VII. 127 (O.N. læte, manners)
• Lauchand, laughing
• Laute, Lawte, Leawte, loyalty, truth (O.F. leaute)
• Law, Lawch, low: compar., Lawer
• Lawchtane, dull coloured, dark (Gaelic lachdunn = Irish lachtna, N.E.D.), XIX. 672
• Lawit, v., lowered
• Layd-men, s., “load-men,” the men in charge of the pack-horses, VIII. 466
• Lechis, doctors
• Lechyng, s., healing
• Leddir, a ladder
• Lege, full, free: in lege poustè, “in health and full possession of one’s faculties” (N.E.D.), V. 165
• Leif, v. and s., leave: but leif, without leave, XVII. 863
• Leis, v., lose;
• p.t. and p.p., Lesit (A.S. lēosan, to lose)
• Leit, think, consider (A.S. lǣtan)
• Leit, v., let, XVII. 850. See Lat
• Lele, Leile, Leyle, adj., leal, faithful;
• also adv., Lely, Lelely, Lelyly
• Lendit. See Leynd
• Lenteryne, Lent, the spring
• Lenye, “lean”
• Lesing. s., lying (A.S. lēasung, falsehood)
• Lesit, Lessit, Lesyt, v., lost
• Lest, List, imper. v., it pleases, VII. 314 (A.S. lystan, to please)
• Let, Letting, s., hindrance;
• adv. Letless, without hindrance XVI. 568
• Let, v., to hinder, allay, prevent;
• p.t., Letit, Lettyt
• Leve, to leave, to remain
• Levir, rather
• Levit, Levit: war levit of, had taken their leave of, XX. 577
• Leyme, flame, XI. 191 (A.S. lēoma, a ray of light)
• Leynd, to remain, wait
• Leysch, leash
• Libbard, leopard
• Licht, Lycht, light
• Lichtit, v., p.t., alighted
• Lift, s., sky, XVI. 692 (A.S. lyft, air)
• Lik, v., to please
• Lisnyt, v., p.t., listened
• Losengeour, a traitor, IV. 108 (O.F., losengier, a flatterer, a traitor)
• Lovit, v., p.t. and p.p., praised;
• and s., Loving, praise
• Low, flame
• Lownyt, sheltered, XV. 276;
• v., Lown, to become calm, to shelter (N.E. and Scots)
• Lowp, v., to leap
• Lows, v., to loose;
• p.p., Lowsyt
• Lowtit, Lowtyt, bowed before or to
• Luff, s. and v., love
• Lufre, “livery,” gift (O.F. livrée; Anglo-Fr. liveré)
• Lurdane, s., rascal (O.F. lourdin, a heavy [lourd], i.e., stupid fellow)
• Lusumly, “lovesomely,” pleasantly
• Lychtyt, v., p.t. and p.p., lightened
• Lyknyt, v., p.p., likened, compared
• Lyng, a line
• Lynyng, linen, XIII. 422
• Lypnyng, s., trust
• 
  Ma, v., to make;
• pres., Mais, Mays
• Ma, May, adj., more. Comp. Ma(i)r, Ma([i.])st
• Magre, s., ill-will, XVII. 60 (O.F. mal grè, ill-will);
• also as prep., in spite of: magre his, in spite of him;
• magre thairis, in spite of them
• Maill-eiss, Male-ess, disease (F. mal aise)
• Maistri, s., “mastery,” strength
• Maistris, arts, XIX. 182
• Man, v., must, VII. 137;
• also Mon
• Manauce, Mannasyng, s., “menace,” threatening
• Manausyt, Mannausit, v., p.t., menaced
• Mandment, commandment
• Manhede, Manheid, “manhood,” valour
• Mankynd, s., manliness, IV. 530
• Manrent, homage
• Manteme, Ma(y)nteym, maintain
• Marcheand, pr. p., “marching with,” bordering. See next
• Marchis, marches, borders (A.S. mearc, a boundary)
• Marras, morass
• Martirdome, slaughter
• Martymes, Martinmas (Nov. 11)
• Mas, s., plur. maces
• Mastrice, mastery, superiority;
• “masterly” skill, VI. 566 (O.F. maistrise)
• Mastry, “mastery,” skill;
• force, VII. 354 (O.F. maistrie, skill)
• Mate, dull, dispirited (O.F. mat, dull)
• Maturite, s., deliberation XI, 583
• Maucht, might
• Mavite, wickedness, guile (O.F. mauvitie for malvaistié)
• Mawch, kinsman, especially, as here, by marriage, XV. 274 (A.S. maeg)
• Mayn(e), s., “moan,” lamentation
• Mekill, much, large (A.S. micel)
• Melland, v., pr. p., mixing (O.F. meller, to mix);
• p.p., Mellit
• Melle (two syllables), a mixture, whence, a battle, etc.
• Mellyng, Mellyne, s., encounter;
• mixture, V. 406
• Menand, v., moaning (A.S. mǣnan);
• p.t. Menit, Menyt
• Mengit, v., p.t., mixed (A.S. mengian)
• Menyhe, Mengne, host, company
• Menounys, “minnows,” small fish
• Mensk, honour, dignity (O.N. mennska, humanity)
• Menskfully, honourably
• Menyng, s., lamentation
• Menyng, s., remembrance, IV. 326. See Meyn
• Menys, think, XII. 269 (A.S. mǣnan, to think on). See Meyn
• Merdale, camp-followers, IX. 249
• Merk-schot, XII. 33. See note
• Mesour, Mesur, s., “measure,” moderation: our mesur, beyond measure;
• at all mesure, in every proportion, X. 281
• Mesurabill, adj., moderate
• Meyn, v., to think of, be mindful of;
• mention, X. 736
• Meyne, v., to moan, lament, XV. 237
• Misteir, Mister, trade, craft (O.F. mestier; F. métier)
• Mister, Myster, need (as above);
• also v., Mysteir, be necessary, XVII. 215;
• adj., needful
• Mocht, Moucht, v., might
• Mody, adj. See Mude, Mudy
• Mon, v., must
• Mone, to remember, bear in mind (O.N. muna, to remember)
• Mony, many
• Monyst, admonished, XII. 379
• Mot, v., may be, IV. 26
• Mow, a heap of corn, IV. 117
• Mowence, mutation, change, I. 134 (O.F. muance)
• Mubill, “movable” property, V. 275 (F. meuble, furniture)
• Mude, mood, XX. 203;
• courage, XIX. 622 (A.S. mōd);
• adj., Mudy
• Murnyn(g), s., mourning
• Muryt, blocked up, IV. 164 (F. mur, a wall)
• Mut, make mention, XIII. 60
• Mycht, s., might: at thar mychtis, as much as they could, III. 190;
• that all mychtis may, that is able to do all things, III. 366
• Mydlike, adv., moderately, III. 71
• Mydwart, s., midway, III. 682
• Myrk, Merk, dark;
• s., Myrknes, darkness
• Myschieff, misfortune, danger, loss;
• evil fate, XIX. 71 (O.F. meschief)
• Mystrowing, suspicion;
• v., Mystrowit, suspected, X. 327
• Myt, s., “mite,” a bit
• 
  Na, adj., no;
• conj., nor: na thay war, but they were, V. 372;
• na (ne) war, were it not
• Nakit, adj., naked, bare, XIII. 459;
• generally, however = without armour on
• Nakyn, of no kind: nakyn wis, in no wise
• Namly, especially
• Nanys, For the, for the nonce, X. 58
• Nave, fist;
• pl., Nevis, Nevys
• Navyn, s., shipping, III. 393
• Nedlyngis, adj., necessarily
• Neid-way, adv., of necessity
• Neist, Neyst, nearest, next
• Neuth, prep., beneath
• Nevo, nephew
• Newlyngis, adv., newly
• Nigramansy, s., necromancy, IV. 747
• Noblay, nobility
• Nocht, not
• Nocht-for-the, adv., nevertheless
• Nouthir, conj., neither;
• adv., not, VI. 522
• Novelreis, novelties, XIX. 394
• Noy, annoy, hurt (O.F. nuire, to injure)
• Noyn(e), noon
• Noyus, disagreeable, XIX. 742
• Nynt, ninth
• Nysste, “nicety,” folly
• Nychtbur, Nychtbour, s., neighbour
• Nygramansour, necromancer, IV. 242
• Nyt, v., p.t., denied, I. 52 (O.F. noier, neier, to deny)
• 
  Obeiss, to obey;
• pr. p. as adj., Obeysand
• Oblesteris, “arblasteris,” crossbow-men, XVII. 236
• Occisioune, slaughter, XIV. 220
• Ocht, aught, III. 282
• Off lyve, alive, I. 293
• Of-new, anew
• Oftsis, often (“oftsithes,” oft-times, A.S. sīth, a time)
• Oftymis, adv., oft-times
• On-ane, anon, immediately
• Ony, adj., any
• Oost, Ost, host, army
• Otow, prep., beyond
• Oucht, Owcht, adv., at all;
• very, XV. 428
• Ouirmair, Owyr-mar, farther away
• Our, prep., over
• Our, Owyr, adv., too, very;
• over, across;
• also in compounds: e.g., Our-drawyn, etc.
• Ourdriff, “drive over,” survive
• Our-ga, “go over,” overcome
• Our-hy, v., “hie or hasten over,” overtake
• Ourta(k), overtake;
• manage, VIII. 190;
• cover, XI. 125;
• p.p. Ourtane, “done for,” condemned, XIX. 55
• Ourthwort, adv., “overthwart,” beyond on each side
• Ourtummyllit, “over-tumbled,” upset
• Outane, Outtak, Outaken, Outakin, besides, except
• Out-our, prep., across, beyond, over
• Outraying, s., harm, injury, XVIII. 182
• Owk, week (still an Aberdeenshire word)
• Owth, prep. and adv., above, outside;
• beyond, XIV. 352.
• Oysis, v., uses, are used;
• p.t. and p.p., Oysit (O.F. user, to be in the habit);
• Oys, s., use
• 
  Pailyhownys, Palyheonis, etc., pavilions, tents
• Panch, s., paunch
• Par, for (O.F. par): e.g., par cheryte, for charity
• Parage, rank, lineage, I. 102, 276
• Paramouris, adv., as a mistress
• Paske (in comps), Pasche, Easter
• Pautener, adj., low, rascally (O.F. pautonier, vagabond)
• Peill, a fort with stockade and ditch. O.F. pel; Late Lat. pelum (acc.), a stake, X. 137
• Peir, v., to equal, match
• Pennystane, a flat stone used as a quoit, XIII. 581 (E and H, see note)
• Percas, adv., by chance (O.F. per cas)
• Perde = par dieu (F.), an expletive, truly, etc. See next
• Perfay, “by my faith,” truly (O.F. per fei, by my faith)
• Perfornyst, performed, XII. 61 (O.F. parformir)
• Perquer, by heart, thoroughly (O.F. per quer (cuer), by heart)
• Peth, path, pass
• Petwisly, Pitwysly, piteously
• Pik, s., pitch, XVII. 611
• Planer, full, I. 624
• Play, s., pleasure, V. 73;
• tricks, XIX. 364
• Plenyhe, v., to complain
• Plewch, plough
• Pollis, pools, XII. 395, 404
• Portrait, v., p.p., painted, X. 743;
• formed, shaped, X. 281
• Pouerale, “poor-folk,” camp-followers (O.F. pouraille, poor folk)
• Poustè, Powstè, power;
• for lege poustè, see Lege
• Poynt, s., moment, opportunity;
• feat of arms, in poynt of weir, XVI. 492, and alone, XVI. 499;
• at poynt, in good condition, favourable, III. 702;
• in sic poynt, in such array, XII. 93;
• into sic point, at such a “point” or crisis, IV. 331
• Pray, v., to prey;
• also s., with plur. Prayis
• Preif, v., to prove;
• p.t., Previt
• Presand, s., present: in or intill presand, as a present
• Prek, Prik, v., prick, wound, spur; Prikand, riding
• Prevate, s., “privity,” privacy, secrecy; secret design, X. 161
• Pris, Prys, v., to prize, esteem, praise
• Proplexite, s., perplexity
• Pryme, prime (six o’clock), the first of the “canonical hours”
• Pundelan, hero, warrior
• Punsoune, a dagger
• Punyhe, a skirmish
• Pupill, people
• Purchas, v., to get, procure (O.F. porchacier, pourchacier, to follow, to procure)
• Purchas, s., effort;
• contrivance, plot, XIX. 12
• Purvians, “purveyance,” provisions, IV. 397
• Pusoune, s., poison
• Put againe, push back, repulse
• Pyne, pain, suffering, distress (A.S. pin, pining, suffering)
• 
  Queyr, choir, XX. 293
• Quhar, where;
• also in compounds, Quharfor, Quhar-throuch, etc.
• Quhedirand, whizzing or roaring. XVII. 684
• Quheill, s., wheel
• Quhestling, Quhistlyng, s., “whistling,” baying (of a dog), VI. 94, 87
• Quhet, s., wheat, V. 398
• Quheyn(e), adj., “wheen,” few;
• also Quhoyn;
• comp. Quhenar
• Quhilum, “whilom,” once
• Quhyne, whence, VII. 240
• Quod, v., “quoth,” said, XVIII. 57
• Quyntis, s., “quaint” devices or decorations on the armour or on flags, XI. 194; XIII. 183
• Quytly, securely, X. 548;
• freely, completely
• Quyrbolle, leather hardened by heating, etc., XII. 22.
• See note
• 
  Rad, adj., frightened, afraid
• Radness, fear
• Raid, v., p.t., rode
• Rair, Rar, v., to roar
• Rais, Rase, s., “race,” strong current
• Rais, v., p.t., rose
• Raith, Rath, soon
• Rakit, v., p.t., moved with speed (A.S. racian)
• Randoun, s., onrush, force (O.F. randon, force)
• Rangale, Rangald, Rangall, rabble
• Range: on range “in rank,” in “Indian file,” X. 379
• Rangit, v., p.p., ranged, ranked, XI. 431
• Ranyt, v., p.t., rained
• Rath, adv., soon
• Ratret, Retret, retreat
• Raucht, v., p.t., reached, dealt.
• See Reik
• Raw, s., row
• Realtè, Reawtè, royalty, kingdom
• Rebaldaill, Rybbaldaill, rabble;
• also Rebaldis, rogues
• Rebelland, pr. p., as adj., “rebelling,” rebellious
• Rebours, at, in great dislike
• Reboytit, Rebutyt, repulsed;
• also Reboyting, s., repulse (A.F. reboter: O.F. rebouter)
• Reconsalit, v., pp., reconciled
• Recour, recovery, II. 543
• Recryand, recreant, cowardly
• Red(e), Reid, s., counsel;
• tane to red, come to the conclusion, taken the advice, XII. 389, XVII. 267 (A.S. rǣd, counsel)
• Red(e), v., to advise
• Red, v., save, IV. 132, XIX. 677
• Redyit, v., p.t., got ready, IX. 171
• Refe, Reve, v., to take away;
• p.t., Reft;
• p.p., Revede, reft, V. 12
• Refrenyhe, v., to refrain
• Regnyt, reigned, XIII. 698
• Reif, s., plunder (A.S. rēaf)
• Reik, v., reach, XVII. 419;
• p.t., Raucht
• Reik, Reyk, s., smoke
• Releif, s., payment on taking possession of a property, XII. 320
• Releyit, p.p., provided with a fresh supply, IV. 456
• Relit, Relyt, v., p.t. reeled
• Rely, v., to rally;
• p.t., Releyt;
• p.p., Releit
• Renconfort, v., to encourage
• Rengye, Renyhe, Reynye, rein
• Renk, “rink,” space, II. 365. See note
• Renyit, v., p.p., denied (O.F. renier, to deny)
• Renyhe, Reynye, s., rein
• Repair, s., dwelling, haunt, place of meeting or retreat
• Repreif, s., reproof
• Reprief, v., to reprove
• Rerit, v., p.t., reared
• Rescours, rescue (O.F. rescos, rescousse, succour)
• Reset, refuge (O.F. recet, place of refuge);
• also v., p.p., Resettit, received
• Revede. See Reve
• Rewis, streets (F. rue)
• Riall, Ryoll, adj., royal;
• s., Rialtè, royalty, royal power
• Richtwisness, righteousness, adj., Rychtwis;
• adv., Rychtiously
• Rif, v., rive
• Rik, kingdom (A.S. rīce, a kingdom, sovereignty)
• Rocht, Roucht, v., p.t. See Raucht
• Rod, s., road, path
• Roucht, v., p.t., I should not reck or care, VII. 24 (A.S. rēcan, rōhte)
• Routit, snored, V. 632
• Rownand, Rowning, pr. p., whispering, XII. 360;
• as s., Rownyng, XII. 368
• Rowt, Rout, s., a blow;
• also Rowt, s., a company, troop
• Roydly, Ruydly, rudely, fiercely
• Rude-evyn, s., Eve of the Exaltation of the Rood or Cross, XVII. 634
• Rusche, to rush, drive back, overthrow, repulse;
• also Rus, XII. 527;
• p.t., Ruschit, Rouschit
• Rybbaldy, s., dissipation, I. 341
• Ryde, adj., severe, XII. 557
• Ryg, ridge
• Rymmyll, s., blow
• Ryng, v., to reign. See on Language
• Ryoll, adj., royal, XIII. 30
• Ryot, v., in ryot to, made “riot” in, ravaged
• Ryth, adv., “right,” utterly, I. 194
• Sa, so
• Sa yhe, say ye, VII. 258
• Sad, steadfast, XII. 134. See next
• Sadly, firmly, compactly, steadfastly, XIII. 374, 494, XVII. 576 (Mid. E. sad = firm, etc., as in Chaucer)
• Sair, Sayr, sorely: by sair, pay for dearly, XVIII. 514
• Sakless, innocent
• Salit, v., p.t., sailed;
• pr. p., Saland
• Sall, shall
• Sals, sauce, III. 540
• Salt, s., assault;
• also Sawt
• Salusit, saluted, IV. 509
• Sam(m)yn, adv., together
• Sam(m)yn, adj., same
• Sanct, s., saint;
• v., p.p., sainted
• Sanyt. See Sayn
• Sar, Sayr, sorely
• Sarraly, close together;
• also adj. and adv., Sarray, close, closely
• Sary, sorry
• Saucht, v., p.p., reconciled, X. 300 (cf. A.S. saht, peace)
• Sauf, Sawff, v., to save
• Saufly, safely
• Sauftè, Savitè, safety
• Savourit, scented, XVI. 70
• Sawin, v., p.p., sown, IV. 685
• Sawt, s., assault: also Salt
• Sayn, v., s., bless;
• p.t., Sanyt (O.F. seignier, to bless with the sign of the cross; Lat. signare)
• Saynd, a message, V. 196 (A.S. sand, a sending)
• Scaffatis, scaffolds
• Scaill, s., a scattered company, men in loose order
• Scale, Scaill, v., to scatter, separate;
• p.t. Scalit;
• p.p. Scalit;
• also Skalyt
• Scarsly, scarcely
• Scath, s., harm: also v., to harm
• Scathfull, Scathless, harmfull, unharmed
• Schar, Schair, Schare, cut, carved;
• p.t. of Scher
• Schavalduris, vagrants, V. 205. See note
• Schaw, v., show;
• p.t. Schew, X. 161, or Schawit
• Schaw, s., thicket, grove
• Schawdest, adj., super., shallowest, IX. 354
• Sched, clove, divided
• Schent, v., p.p., shamed
• Scher, v., to shear, cut up
• Schiltrum, a close-packed body of men: so in E;
• C has childrome (A.S. scild, a shield, truma, a troop)
• Schipfar, s., a journey in a ship
• Schir, s., sir
• Schire, adj., bright;
• also adv., Schyre (A.S. scīr, bright)
• Scho, pron., she
• Schoir, Schore, adj., sheer, steep
• Schonand, shunning, V. 201
• Schop, v., prepare;
• more usual Schap, XVI. 573
• Schore, adj., “sheer,” steep
• Schoyne, “shoon,” shoes, II. 510
• Schoyr, loud threats (cf. Withoutin outher bray, or bost, or schore.—King Hart)
• Schup(e), “shaped,” purposed, attempted;
• p.t. of Schap
• Schynand, v., pr. p., shining
• Scowking, s., “skulking,” cowardice
• Scowryt, v., p.p., scoured
• Scrymmyng, s., skirmishing, XIX. 521 (O.F. escrimer, to fence)
• Se, v., to see, watch over
• Segis, seats (F. siege, a seat): astrological term as “mansions”
• Seik, adj., sick
• Seir, Ser, various, separate
• Sekir, safe, sure, firm, steadfast
• Sekirly, Sekyrly, certainly
• Sekirnis, security, certainty
• Sekkis, s., sacks
• Sembland, “semblance,” show
• Semble, s., assembly, body of men, II. 380
• Sen, since
• Send, v., p.t. of Send;
• p.p., Send, Sent
• Sent, s., scent
• Sentens, meaning, IV. 260
• Senyhory, Senyhoury, sovereignty, lordship, rule
• Sermonyng, s., speech, explanation, IV. 278
• Sesand, v., pr. p., seizing
• Sesing, s., possession, VI. 496
• Setis, snares, III. 479
• Seyle, s., good, I. 303 (A.S. sǣl). Cf. adj. Sely (silly) (A.S. sǣlig)
• Schawis, v., shows
• Shraf, v., p.t., shrived, XI. 377
• Sib, related, kin
• Sib-man, relative
• Sic, Sik, such
• Sich, v., to sigh
• Sith, Syth, times, unaltered plur;
• also Sis, Sythis (A.S. sīth, a time).
• See Grammar
• Skaith, scath, hurt, injury. See Scath
• Skalyt. See Scalit
• Skill, reason
• Skunnyrrit, v., p.t., avoided in dislike
• Sla, v., slay;
• pr. p., Slayand
• Slaid, v., slid
• Slak, s., a hollow
• Sle, sly, crafty, skilled. Cf. Slear, Sleast;
• adv., Slely
• Sleuch, v., p.t., slew
• Sleuth, slot, track (O.N. sloth, a track)
• Slew, v., p.t., struck in slew fyre (A.S. slean, to strike)
• Slike, Slyk, mud, slime. For first Skeat gives “slick,” rapidly (?), VI. 78
• Slop, a gap, opening;
• pl., Sloppis.
• Cf. slaps and stiles in “Tam o’ Shanter”
• Smat, v., p.t., smote
• Snell, biting, sharp, severe (A.S. snell, quick, sharp)
• Snuk(e), a promontory, I. 188 IV 556
• Socht, Soucht, v., p.t., sought
• Solacious, adj., pleasant, X. 290
• Somdeill, adv., somewhat, to some extent
• Sop, s., a sup, a hasty meal
• Sop, s., a close body of men;
• pl. Soppis, heaps
• Southren, southern
• Sowing, s., pricking, piercing, XVI. 628
• Soym, trace of a cart. See Hede-soyme
• Soyn(e), Sone, Soune, adv., soon
• Spar, v., faster, bar;
• p.t., Sparit, Sperit, Spyryt, etc.
• Spayn, span, grasp
• Spering, Speryng, s., asking, information;
• also v., Sperit, inquired (A.S. spirian)
• Spoulyheing, s., spoiling
• Sprent, v., p.t., sprang, XII. 49
• Spryngaldis, shooting-machines, XVII. 247. See note
• Spulyheit, v., p.p., spoiled
• Squyary, a body of “squyares” or esquires
• Stablist, v., p.t., “established,” settled
• Stad, “bested,” hard pressed
• Staffing, s., thrusting, pushing, XVII. 785
• Staff-slyngis, slings on sticks, XVII. 344. See note
• Staill, a fixed position, XVII. 97
• Standand, v., pr. p., standing
• Stane, s., stone;
• pl., Stanis
• Stay, adj., steep
• Sted(e), Steid, “stead,” place (A.S. stede)
• Steir, v., stir, IX. 382 (A.S. styrian): on steir, a-stir
• Steir, Ster(e), s., a rudder (A.S. steōr, steering, rudder)
• Steir, Steyr, v., to “steer,” direct, govern
• Stekis, v., closes
• Stekit, v., p.t., stuck, stabbed
• Stemmand, steering, straight, V. 25
• Stent, v., to pitch, set up;
• p.t., Stentit
• Sterand, “stirring,” prancing, XI. 129
• Stern, a star;
• pl., Sternis, Steris
• Stert, v., to start;
• p.t., stert
• Stertling, s., restless motion. (Cf. fische wantounly stertland.—Complaynt of Scotlande)
• Stew, mist, vapour, XI. 614
• Stint, v., stop, X. 716;
• s., Stinting, stopping
• Stith, Styth, “stiff,” strong, hardy (A.S. stīth, strong);
• also adv., Stithly
• Stoking, thrusting, XVII. 785 (F. estoquer, to thrust)
• Stole, “stool,” seat
• Stonay, v., to astonish, terrify, defeat;
• p.t. and p.p., Stonayit
• Stot, drive back
• Stound, s., time, while
• Stour, s., conflict, battle (A.F. estur)
• Stowpand, v., pr. p., stooping, VIII. 297
• Straif, v., p.t., strove
• Straucht, Strawcht, adj., straight;
• also adv.
• Straucht, v., p.t., stretched out;
• also p.p.
• Strecour, s., a young hound, VI. 487
• Strekit, v., p.t., and p.p., stretched, extended: strekit weill, clearly defined, XX. 317
• Strenyheit, p.p., constrained
• Strikand, pr. p., “striking” leading, VI. 238;
• p.p. Strikin, fought
• Strowit, p.p., strewn
• Stroy, v., destroy
• Sture, sturdy, strong (A.S. stōr, great)
• Sua, Swa(y), so
• Suagat, Swagat, so, in such a manner
• Succudry, pride, presumption (O.F. sorcuiderie)
• Sudjorne, s. and v., sojourn
• Suelt, died, IV. 311 (A.S. sweltan, to die)
• Suet, life-blood, life, XIII. 32
• Suld, should
• Sum, as suffix, altogether, in all: e.g., fiff-sum, five in all; six-sum, etc.
• Sumdeill, Sumdele, adv., somewhat, to some extent
• Sumkyn, adv., of some kind. Cf. Nakyn
• Summer, the bearing or principal beam;
• same word as next, XVII. 696
• Summer, a sumpter-horse, XIX. 746 (O.F. sommier)
• Suppowale, support, reinforcement, XVI. iii, 139
• Sur-noune, surname, XVII. 152
• Suth, adj., true;
• s., truth
• Suthfast, adj., true;
• s., Suthfastnes;
• adv., Suthley
• Swa. See Sua.
• Swak, a blow, V. 643
• Swappit, drew quickly, threw, cast
• Swar, v., p.t., swore;
• also Swoir
• Swat, s., sweat
• Swonand, swooning, XVII. 648
• Swilk, Swylk, such
• Swith, Swyth, quickly, soon: als swith, as quickly as possible
• Swoir, v., p.t., swore;
• also Swar
• Swome, v., to swim, III. 431
• Sychand, pr. p., sighing
• Sykis, streams in a muddy bottom, XI. 300. See note
• Syn(e), adv., afterwards, then, next, at last
• Syndir, Syndri, adj., sundry, various, separate;
• adv., Syndrely
• Sythyn, adv., afterwards
• Syttyn, v., p.p., sat
• 
  Ta, v., take;
• p.t., Tuk;
• p.p., Tan(e), Tayne;
• pr. p., Takand
• Ta; the ta = thet a, the one (see Grammar);
• also the tane = thet-ane
• Taill, payment by an heir on succeeding to an estate, XII. 320
• Tais, v., takes
• Tailyhe, agreement, XX. 134;
• v., Talit (E. Tailyheit), agreed upon, XIX. 188
• Taknyng, Takynnyng, sign, token, evidence (A.S. tācnung, a sign)
• Takyn, a token, sign, signal (A.S. tācn, a token)
• Tald, v., p.t., Told
• Tale, number, XI. 5 (A.S. tal, number)
• Talent, s., desire: so also in Chaucer, B. 1137
• Tane the, the one. See Ta
• Tasit, drew back, V. 623. See note
• Taskar, a thresher (A.S. therscan, to thresh)
• Tastit, v., tested, tried
• Taucht, v., p.t., gave
• Tauld, v., p.t., told
• Te, v., to tie, XV. 282
• Tell, count (A.S. tellan)
• Tend, tenth
• Tene, Teyne, anger, vexation, II. 377: for propyr tene in his personal vexation (A.S. tēona, injury, insult)
• Tent, care, heed
• Ter, tar, XVII. 611
• Tha(y), those. See Grammar
• Thak, thatch
• Than, adv., then;
• even, I. 217
• Thar, impers. v., it needs, it is necessary, VIII. 257, XII. 300;
• p.t., Thurt
• Thar, adv., there;
• and in compounds, Thareftir, Thar-fra, therefrom;
• Thartill, thereto;
• Thar-throuch, thereby
• Tharup, “up there”
• The-quhethir, however, and yet, nevertheless. See Grammar (Conj).
• Thine, thence;
• fra thine, from thence, V. 190;
• Thine-furth, thenceforth, XVII. 722
• Thir, these. See Grammar (Pron.)
• Thocht, conj., though
• Thole, Thoill, v., to suffer, endure;
• p.t., Tholyt;
• p.p., Tholit (A.S. tholian, to suffer)
• Thouch(t), though
• Thowlesnes, heedlessness, I. 333
• Thra, eager (O.N. thrār, stubborn)
• Thrang, s. “throng,” crowd, press;
• difficulty, distress, X. 117, XV. 353
• Thraw, a little time (A.S. thrāg, a space of time)
• Thrawing, s., throwing
• Threllis, “thralls,” slaves;
• also Thryll;
• Threldome, s., thraldom
• Thretty, thirty
• Thrillag(e), Thryllage, thraldom;
• also Thrildome, Thryldome
• Thrillit, pierced (A.S. thirlian, to pierce)
• Thring, Thryng, v., to throng;
• pr. p., Thringand (A.S. thringan, to press, crowd)
• Thristill, a throstle, thrush
• Thristing, s., thrusting, XIII. 156
• Throppill, the windpipe, the throat
• Throuch, Throw;
• prep., through
• Throwand, pr. p., writhing, XV. 230
• Thurt. See Thar
• Thyrland, piercing, making holes in, II. 540;
• pr. p. of Thrillit
• Tid, Tyd, time (A.S. tīd)
• Till, prep., to
• Till-hewyn, p.p., scarred, cut in different directions, XX. 367;
• p.t., Till-hewyt, clove, cut down, II. 381
• Tit, Tyt, adv., soon, quickly;
• comp. Titar, Tyttar
• Tit, Tyt, v., snatch, pull, V. 603, XVI. 132
• Tithand, Tithing, s., tidings, news
• To-fruschyt, v., p.p., crushed, broken in pieces (A.S. to, in two; O.F. froissier, to break)
• To-ga, fled
• To-morn, to-morrow
• Top-castellis, top-castles or fighting-tops of a war-ship
• To-stonay, to astound thoroughly. (“To” is intensive = Ger. Zu)
• Tothir in the tothir, second. See Grammar
• Tournys, v., turns
• To-waverand, wandering in different directions
• Towme, a tomb
• Toym, Tume, leisure, V. 642 (Icel. tōm, emptiness, leisure). See note
• Trammys, war-engines, structures of wood, XVII. 245
• Trane, Traine, Trayn, stratagem, plot
• Tranonting, Tranontyne s., stratagem, specially, apparently, a forced march, VII. 508, 608;
• v., Tranontit, XVIII. 360
• Trappit, furnished with trappings, armoured (of horses)
• Trast, Traist, adj., trusty;
• secure, XIV. 466;
• comp., Trastar;
• v., Trast, Trastit;
• adv., Trastly, Traistly, trustfully, securely, confidently;
• comp. Trastlyar;
• also Trast, subs., appointment, XVII. 36
• Travaill, v., to travel, work hard, pr. p.;
• also Travale, trouble, interfere with, VI. 602
• Travaill, Travell, s., a difficult journey, IV. 48;
• labour, hardship;
• pl., Travalys: also Travailyhe
• Travaland, toiling, travelling;
• p.t., Travalit, troubled, harassed, etc.
• Tray, s., vexation, XVIII. 233 (A.S. trega)
• Trayne, v., draw, entice, XIX. 354
• Tretis, s., a treaty;
• proposes to treat, X. 125
• Treuth, s., troth, trust;
• gaf treuth, believed, IV. 223
• Trew, v., trust, believe
• Trewis, Trowis, s., truce;
• also as plur., XIX. 200, 203
• Treyn, adj., wooden
• Trist, “tryst,” place of meeting;
• set trist, appointed, VII. 235
• Tropellis, troops, small bodies (O.F. tropel, dimin. of trope = troupeau, a troop)
• Trow, v., believe;
• Trowit, Trowit
• Trumpe, to sound the trumpet;
• pr. p., Trumpand;
• p.t., Trumpit, XIX. 429.
• See note
• Trumpe, v., to sound on a trumpet;
• pr. p., Trumpand
• Trumpit, p.p., deceived, XIX. 712 (?) (F. tromper, to deceive)
• Trunsioune, a truncheon, staff of office
• Trymbill, v., to tremble, II. 295;
• pr. subj., Trymmyll, XII. 268
• Tulyheit, v., p.t., harassed, IV. 152
• Tume, leisure, XVII. 735. See Toym.
• Tummyll, v., tumble: p.t., Tumlit, pulled down
• Turs, v., truss, pack up (O.F. torser); Tursit, Tursit
• Tutlyng, tooting on a horn, XIX. 604
• Twa(y), two
• Twist, a twig, a small branch, VII. 188
• Twyn, adj., twain, IV. 691
• Tyd, v., to betide, happen
• Tymbrys, crests (F. timbre)
• Tyne, v., to lose;
• p.t., Tynt (Icel. tyna, to lose)
• Tynsale, loss, harm
• Tysday, Tuesday
• Tyt. See Tit
• 
  Umbecast, v., to consider, think over
• Umbeset, v., beset
• Umbestount, adv., sometimes, VII. 398
• (A.S. ymbe, about; stund, a time)
• Umbethink, Umbethoucht, bethink, bethought
• Umquhill, sometimes (A.S. hwīl, a time)
• Unabasitly, boldly
• Unbondyn, v., p.p., unbound
• Under-ta(k), v., undertake;
• p.p., Undertane
• Unfair, Unfayr, unfortunate, evil
• Unseill, s., misfortune (A.S. unsǣl)
• Unwittandly, unwisely
• Unwemmyt. See Wem
• Upcom, s., way up;
• also Upgang
• Ure, s., fate, luck, “especially ‘good luck’” (Skeat) (O.F. eur. Cf. bonheur)
• Utelauys, outlaws
• Utouth, outside, II. 299
• 
  Valayis, s., valleys;
• pl., of Valè
• Vanys, veins
• Vaslage, Vassalage, prowess, valour (such as was expected from a vassal)
• Vath, s., danger (O.N. vāthi)
• Vaward, vanguard
• Vencus, Vencust, v., vanquish, vanquished
• Vere, spring
• Verty. See Averty
• Veschall, “vessels”; i.e., plate, XI. 117 (F. vaisselle)
• Viage, s., voyage
• Vittelleris, Vittelouris, s., “victualers,” foragers
• Volageous, “flighty,” dashing, unsettled, VIII. 445, X. 553
• Vyre, a bolt for a crossbow
• Vyre, cast, XVII. 704 (O.F. virer)
• 
  Wa, Way, s., woe;
• adj., sad, sorry
• Wach, Wauch, v., watch, guard
• Wafand, waving
• Wageouris, s., “waged soldiers,” mercenaries, XI. 48
• Waik, weak. Cf. Waykar
• Wald, s., wold
• Wald, v., would
• Walk, v., to wake, watch;
• p.t., Walknyt.
• See Language, “l”
• Walkyn, v., to awake. See Language, “l”
• Wallyt, p.p., walled
• Walopyt, galloped, II. 440
• Wan(e), v., p.t. of won
• Wane, Wayne, quantity, XVI. 454
• Wapnys, s., weapons
• Wappyt, v., p.t., struck, knocked, XVII. 691
• War, s., ware, merchandise, XIX. 194
• War, adj., aware;
• wary, X. 333
• War, adv., worse, XIII. 219
• War, v., were
• Warisoune, Warysoun, s., reward
• Warn, v., to refuse, IV. 392;
• p.t., Warnyt, opposed;
• warned (A.S. wyrnan, to refuse)
• Warnist, v., p.t. and p.p., stored, provided with;
• s., Warnasyng, Warnysyng (O.F. warnir; F. garnier, to provide)
• Warnisoun, garrison
• Warpyt, v., threw (A.S. weorpan, to throw)
• Warrand, Warand(e), s., refuge, place of safety, protection;
• v., Warand, to protect
• Warrar, adj., comp. more aware, V. 546
• Warra(y), v., to war against;
• pr. p., Warrayand, warring upon, making war
• Warraying, s., “warring,” warfare
• Waryit, cursed (A.S. wergian, to curse)
• Wassand, weasand, throat, VII. 584
• Wat, adj., wet
• Watyt, v. p.t, “waited,” lay in wait for, I. 202
• Wat(e), v., wot, know
• Wauch. See Wach
• Waverand, v., pr. p., wandering about
• Wayn, Weyn, “weening,” thought, purpose
• Wayndist, gave way, swerved, recoiled (O.F. wandir, gandir, to turn aside, escape)
• We, “wee,” a small space or short time
• Wecht, s., weight
• Weddir, “wether,” sheep
• Weid, dress;
• armour, XVI. 580;
• pl. Wedis (A.S. wæd, clothing)
• Weill, Weile, Wele, Weyle, adv., well very
• Weir, s., war
• Weir, s., doubt;
• but weir, without doubt
• Weld, v., “wield”;
• pr. p., Weldand, ruling, guiding
• Weltir, v., upset, XI. 25;
• pr. p., Weltrand, rolling. III. 719;
• p.t., Weltryt, rolled
• Wem, stain, scar (A.S. wam);
• v., p.p., Wemmyt, scarred, XX. 368
• Wend, v., to go;
• p.t., Went
• Wend, v., “weened,” thought, expected;
• p.t., Wenit
• Wene, Weyne, s., supposition;
• but we(y)ne, without doubt (A.S. wen)
• Wenyng, “weening,” supposing, foretelling, IV. 765
• Wer, adj., worse; also War
• Wer(e), v., to defend, XVI. 594
• Wer, Weyr, s., doubt: but wer, without doubt.
• See Weir
• Werd, We(i)rdis, fate, destiny, and pl.
• Wicht, adj., strong, brave, active
• Wikkid, adj., poor, cruel;
• s., Wikkidness, timidity, weakness, XII. 280;
• Wikidly, severely, XVII. 809
• Will, adj., wild, astray, VII. 2 (see note): will of red—of wane, at a loss
• Wis, adj., “wise,” way (A.S. wīs)
• Wissill, mutually destroy, XII. 580
• With, Wyth, prep., against, I. 520;
• by, I. 521
• Withsay, v., gainsay, oppose, I. 210
• With-thi, conj., on condition that
• Wittely, adv., wisely
• Wittering, Witting, s., knowledge, information
• Witterly, Wittirly, for certain
• Witty, adj., wise, prudent
• Wlispyt, v., lisped (Old Low Germ. wlispen)
• Wod, Woud, s., wood
• Wone, v., p.p., wont, accustomed
• Wonnand, v., pr. p., dwelling;
• p.t., Wounyt (A.S. wunian, to dwell)
• Wonnyn, v., p.p., won
• Wonnyng, s., dwelling
• Worschip, s., valour
• Worth (Worthis), Worthit, v., becomes, became;
• p.p., Worthyn: hym worthit neid, it became necessary for him, XIX. 209;
• wo worth, woe be to, I. 515
• Worthyhede, honour
• Woude, “wud,” mad, XVII. 106 (A.S. wōd);
• also Wood, XX. 483
• Woude, v., p.t., waded (A.S. wadan, wod)
• Wouk, v., p.t., kept watch (A.S. wacan, woc, to watch, watched)
• Woux, Wox(e), v., p.t., waxed, grew
• Wrate, Wrat, Wrayt, v., wrote
• Wre(y)th, Wreythyt, v., became enraged, enraged;
• p.p., Wrethit, XVII. 45
• Wrichtis, wrights, workmen
• Wrocht, Wroucht, v., p.t., wrought
• Wyndland, pr. p., rolling, tumbling over one another, XVII. 721.
• “Windle-straws” in Scots = dog’s grass
• Wysk, s., whisk, a quick blow.
• 
  Y, Yh. See also under I.
• Yare(e), Yha(i)r, adj., ready; also adv.
• Yheld, Yhald, Yholdyn, v., yield, yielded
• Yharn(e), Yharnit, v., yearn, yearned for
• Yharne, adv., diligently
• Yheid, Yhed, Yhude, v., went (A.S. ēode)
• Yheit, Yheyt, yet
• Yhemar, a keeper, groom
• Yhemsall, Yhemsell, Yheymseill, s., care (Icel. geimsla, guardianship)
• Yheyme, Yhemyt, v., guard, take care of (A.S. gȳman, to watch over)
• Yhet, Yhate, s., gate (A.S. geat)
• Yhoill-evyn, “Yule-even,” Christmas Eve
• Yhon(e), adj., yon;
• adv., Yhongat, in that way, in such a way
• Yhouthheid, s., youth
• Yneuch, adj. as indef. pron., enough, XIV. 235, 364
• Ynkirly Ynkurly, adv., specially, particularly. See Enkrely
• Ysche, v. See Isch
• Ysching, s., “issuing,” sally
• Ysche, s., “issue,” way out;
• sally;
• outlet, XIV. 354
• Yscheill. See Eschele
• Ythand, adj., diligent, constant, tenacious, also adv., Ythandly