| Time | NaCl m/6 injected | Intestinal juice | Sugar examination of intestinal juice |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10:00 | Infusion begun | Loop emptied, 5 c.c. | No sugar |
| 10:30 | 20 c.c. | 3 c.c. | No sugar |
| 11:00 | 40 c.c. | 3 c.c. | No sugar |
| 11:30 | 20 c.c. | 4 c.c. | No sugar |
| 12:00 | 120 c.c. | 6 c.c. | Trace of sugar |
| 12:30 | 200 c.c. | 12 c.c. | Sugar abundant |
| 1:00 | —c.c. | 28 c.c. | Sugar abundant |
| 400 c.c. |
Here the sugar appeared in the intestinal juice after about 200 c.c. NaCl solution had been injected. The injection was made in each case into the vein of the ear by means of a pressure bottle connected with the water tap. The pressure bottle was in turn connected with a bottle holding the solution, which was thus forced out at a constant rate through a long rubber tube immersed in water at 40° C. A hypodermic needle was fastened in the end of this tube and inserted into the marginal vein of the rabbit’s ear. In this way the quantity of fluid injected could be accurately measured and controlled. The salt solution after passing through the long tube reached the ear at approximately body temperature. It is of the greatest importance to protect the intestinal loops in every way possible from loss of heat or from drying.
In the above experiment the intestinal glycosuria, if such a term may be applied to this phenomenon, appears under circumstances which are exactly the same as those necessary for the production of sugar in the urine by saline infusions. A further example of this is shown in the following experiment:—
Rabbit—Blood vessels of both kidneys ligatured. Intestinal loop including duodenum 32 cm. long. In the loop were found 3 c.c. fluid which contained no sugar.
| Time | NaCl m/6 injected | Intestinal juice | Sugar examination of intestinal juice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9:45 | Infusion begun | Loop emptied, 3 c.c. | No sugar | |
| 10:15 | 10 c.c. | 3 c.c. | No sugar | |
| 10:45 | 70 c.c. | 3 c.c. | No sugar | |
| 11:15 | 75 c.c. | 3.2 c.c. | No sugar | |
| 11:45 | 85 c.c. | 5 c.c. | Sugar abundant | 0.202% |
| 0.222% | ||||
| 12:15 | 80 c.c. | 9.5 c.c. | Sugar abundant | 0.25% |
| 12:45 | 150 c.c. | 21 c.c. | Sugar abundant | |
| 470 c.c. | ||||
Here the sugar appeared after the infusion of about 240 c.c. NaCl solution. The experiment was not carried on to see how long the sugar would continue to be present in the intestinal juice. The animal was killed, and it was found that the remaining loops of the small intestine held 32 c.c. of fluid which contained sugar. The stomach contents included about 40 c.c. fluid which also contained sugar. Of the 470 c.c. of fluid injected, 78.7 c.c. were eliminated by the small intestine and 40 by the stomach. The alimentary canal, then, exclusive of the large intestine, eliminated about 118 c.c. of the fluid introduced, which is approximately 25%.
Quantitative estimations of the sugar in the intestinal juice in this case were made. The amount varied between 0.2 and 0.3%. I have not attempted to ascertain the total quantity of sugar which may be obtained from the intestinal juice by continued infusion of salt solution. In the case of the urine, Bock and Hoffmann made such determinations and found that the kidney eliminated in one case 1.632 g. and in another case 2.04 g. sugar. M. H. Fischer found that the concentration of sugar in the urine of a rabbit rarely exceeds 0.25% after infusion of m/6 NaCl.
Thus the intestine eliminates sugar in a way that entirely resembles its elimination by the kidneys. The sugar appears in the blood after the infusion of a certain amount of the salt solution and is excreted by the kidney. If the kidneys are removed, it is excreted by the intestine. But even when the kidneys are intact there is a certain amount of sugar excreted by the intestine, just as a part of the fluid injected is eliminated by the intestine when the kidneys are still active. As shown in the following experiment, the sugar appears both in the intestinal juice and in the urine. The quantity of sugar, however, is greater in the urine than in the intestinal juice. In the urine it was found to be about 0.2%, in the intestinal juice considerably less. The quantity of urine also is greater than the quantity of intestinal juice. Therefore the greater proportion of the sugar is excreted by the kidneys.
Rabbit—Cannula placed in bladder. Kidneys intact. Cannula in loop of upper part of small intestine 35 cm. long. Loop contained 4.2 c.c. fluid; no sugar.
| Time. | NaCl m/6 injected. | Intestinal juice. | Urine. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity. | Sugar examination. | Quantity. | Sugar examination. | ||
| 9:45 | Infusion begun. | Loop emp’d, 4.2 c.c. | No sugar. | Bladder emptied, 5 c.c. | No sugar. |
| 10:15 | 5 c.c. | 1.8 c.c. | ” ” | 0.0 | |
| 10:45 | 50 ” | 2.2 ” | ” ” | 0.0 | |
| 11:15 | 80 ” | 2.9 ” | ” ” | 4.0 c.c. | No sugar. |
| 11:45 | 92 ” | 3.8 ” | ” ” | 15.0 | Sugar present. |
| 12:15 | 120 ” | 6.6 ” | Sugar present. | 38.0 | Much sugar. |
| 12:45 | 150 ” | 7.8 ” | ” ” | 40.0 | ” ” |
| 497 ” | |||||