Early Greek philosophy

by John Burnet

• Galen, [234]
• Galeus levis, 74 [n. 141]
• Geocentric hypothesis, [31], [123], [218]
• Geometry, Egyptian, [23] sq.;
  • of Thales, [45] sq.;
  • of Pythagoras, [115] sq.
• Glaukos of Rhegion, 228 [n. 503]
• Gnomon (the instrument), 31 [n. 4], [53]
• Gnomon (in geometry and arithmetic), 114 [n. 238]
• Gods, Thales, [50];
  • Anaximander, [64], [74];
  • Anaximenes, [82];
  • Xenophanes, [140] sq.;
  • Herakleitos, [188] sq.;
  • Empedokles, [264], [272], [288] sq.;
  • Diogenes of Apollonia, 410 [n. 1005]
• Gorgias, 229 [n. 504], [231], [234], 256 [n. 569], 287 [n. 642], [417]
• Great Year, [25], [175]

• Harmonics, [118]
• “Harmony of the Spheres,” [122], [351].
  • See [ἁρμονία] and [Soul]
• Harpedonapts, [24], [116]
• Hearing, Empedokles, [285];
  • Anaxagoras, [317]
• Heart, [235], 288 [n. 645]
• Heavenly bodies, Anaximander, [66] sqq.;
  • Anaximenes, [80], [81];
  • Pythagoras, [122] sq.;
  • Xenophanes, [133] sqq.;
  • Herakleitos, [165] sqq.;
  • Parmenides, [215];
  • Empedokles, [274] sq.;
  • Anaxagoras, [312];
  • Leukippos, [401];
  • Diogenes of Apollonia, [413]
• Hekataios, [20], [44], [46], [53]
• Heliocentric hypothesis, [27], 347 [n. 825], [348] sq.
• Herakleides of Pontos, on Pythagoras, [104], [105], [108], 321 [n. 739], 387 [n. 939];
  • on Empedokles, 228 [n. 502], [3], 233 [n. 520], 236 [n. 532];
  • heliocentric hypothesis of, [349]
• Herakleiteans, 35 [n. 48], [140], [417]
• Herakleitos, [143] sqq.;
  • on Homer, [182], [185];
  • on Pythagoras, [94], [107], [143];
  • on Xenophanes, [143]
• Hermodoros, [143]
• Herodotos, on Homer and Hesiod, [8];
  • on Egyptian influence, [17];
  • on geometry, [23];
  • on Orphicism, 95 [n. 195];
  • on Solon, [28];
  • on Lydian influence, [38];
  • on Thales, [38], [39], [40], [43] sq., [46];
  • on Pythagoras, [93], 94 [n. 191], 95 [n. 195], [2], [107]
• Hesiod, [6] sqq.
• Hieron, [125]
• Hippasos, 103 [n. 217], [117], [121], [156], [215], [341], [343], [354]
• Hippokrates, 235 [n. 528], 405 [n. 987], 411 [n. 1008];
  • Περὶ ἀέρων ὑδάτων τόπων, 79 [n. 154]
• [Hippokrates] Περὶ διαίτης, 167 [n. 383], 183 [n. 413], 305 [n. 695], 307 [n. 699], 405 [n. 986]
• Hippokrates, lunules of, [343]
• Hippolytos, App. [§ 13], [156]
• Hippon of Samos, [49], 58 [n. 109], [406] sqq.
• Hippys of Rhegion, 121 [n. 260]
• Homer, [5] sqq.
• Hylozoism, [15]
• Hypotenuse, [116]

• Iamblichos, V. Pyth., 92 [n. 186]
• Ibykos, 220 [n. 482]
• Idaios of Himera, 58 [n. 109], [407]
• Ideas, theory of, [354] sqq.
• Immortality, [91], [172] sq., [225]
• Incommensurability, [116] sq.
• Indian philosophy, [21].
  • See [Transmigration]
• Infinity, Anaximander, [59] sqq.;
  • Xenophanes, [137] sq.;
  • Parmenides, [207];
  • Melissos, [375].
  • See [Divisibility], [ἄπειρον]
• Injustice, [56], [71], [160], [226]
• Ionic dialect, [327] sq., [408]

• Justice, [32], 161 [n. 374]

• Kebes and Simmias, [320], [343], [354], [355]
• Kebes, Πίναξ, [194]
• Kratinos, [406]
• Kratylos, [417]
• Kritias, 288 [n. 645]
• Kroton, 95 [n. 198], [222]
• Kylon, 97 [n. 204], [98]

• Lampsakos, [297], [415]
• Leukippos, [380] sqq.;
  • and the Eleatics, [382], [384] sqq.;
  • and Empedokles, [236], [383], [392];
  • and Anaxagoras, [383] sq., [392];
  • and the Pythagoreans, [387], [389], [392];
  • and Demokritos, [381], [389] sqq., 401 [n. 979]
• Light, Empedokles, [276].
  • See [Moon]
• Lightning and Thunder, [68], [70], 401 [n. 979]
• Limit, [121], [215], [333] sqq.
• Lives, the three, [108], 109 [n. 229], 154 [n. 362]
• Love. See [Eros, Love and Strife], [266] sqq.
• Lucretius, on Empedokles, [237];
  • on Anaxagoras, 306 [n. 696]
• Lydia, [37] sqq.
• Lysis, [99], [319], [326]

• Man, Anaximander, [73];
  • Herakleitos, [168] sqq.
• Maoris, [9]
• Map, Anaximander’s, [53]
• Materialism, [208]
• Matter. See [ὕλη]
• Measures, [167] sq., [181], [410], [413]
• Medicine, history of, [222], [225], [226], [234], [236], [265] sq., 288 [n. 645], [322], [344], [405], [411], [414]
• Megarians, [355]
• Melissos, [369] sqq.
• Melissos, Xenophanes and Gorgias, [138] sqq.
• Menon, Ἰατρικά, 49 [n. 85], 235 [n. 527], 322 [n. 742], 327 [n. 763], 340 [n. 799], 406 [n. 988]
• Metapontion, 95 [n. 199], 97 [n. 205]
• Metempsychosis. See [Transmigration]
• Meteorological interest, [49], [70]
• Miletos, [37] sqq., [76], [380], [382]
• Milky Way, [69], [220], [314]
• Milo, [99], [222]
• Mochos of Sidon, 19 [n. 27]
• Monism, [206], [227]
• Monotheism, [141] sqq.
• Moon, [68];
  • light of, 202 [n. 446], [275], [276], [299], [314]
• Motion, eternal, [15], [61];
  • denied by Parmenides, [207];
  • explained by Empedokles, [267];
  • Anaxagoras, [309];
  • criticised by Zeno, [366];
  • denied by Melissos, [376];
  • reaffirmed by Leukippos, [392] sq.
• Mysteries, [90], [190]

• Necessity. See [Ἀνάγκη]
• Nikomachos, [92], 112 [n. 234]
• Nile, [43] sq., [313]
• Noumenios, [19]
• Nous, [309] sq.
• Numbers, Pythagorean, [331] sqq.;
  • triangular, square, and oblong, [114]

• Obliquity of the ecliptic (zodiac), [52], [82], [401]
• Observation, [29] sq., [73] sq.
• Octave, [118]
• Opposites, [56], [186] sq., [225], [235], [266], [305]
• Oriental influences, [17] sqq.
• Orphicism, [5], [9] sqq., [87] sq., 95 [n. 195], 109 [n. 229], [194], [221], [232], 257 [n. 571], 258 [n. 573]

• Parmenides, [192] sqq.;
  • on Herakleitos, [143], 198 [n. 438], [204] sq., [210];
  • and Pythagoreanism, [210] sqq.
• Pausanias, 234 [n. 523], [238]
• Pentagram, [343]
• Perception, Parmenides, 202 [n. 447], [222];
  • Alkmaion, [223] sq.;
  • Empedokles, [284] sq.;
  • Anaxagoras, [316] sq.;
  • Leukippos, [401] sq.;
  • Diogenes of Apollonia, [414]
• Perikles and Zeno, [193];
  • and Anaxagoras, [294] sq.;
  • and Melissos, [369]
• Petron, [65], [121]
• Pherekydes of Syros, [9], [87]
• Philistion, 234 [n. 523], 235 [n. 526] and [527], 266 [n. 587], 288 [n. 645], 356 [n. 850]
• Philo of Byblos, 19 [n. 27]
• Philo Judaeus, [18], [158], [185]
• Philodemos, 50 [n. 89], [64], 221 [n. 483]
• Philolaos, 319, [320] sqq.
• Philosophy as κάθαρσις, [89];
  • Pythagorean use of the word, [89] sqq., [194], 321 [n. 739], [359];
  • synonymous with asceticism, [18]
• Phleious, 89 [n. 178], 94 [n. 191], 109 [n. 229], [320]
• Phoenician influence, [18], 19 [n. 27], [39]
• Physiology, Parmenides, [221] sq.;
  • Alkmaion, [223];
  • Empedokles, [282];
  • Diogenes of Apollonia, [411]
• Pindar, 232
• Planets, names of, 26 [n. 40], [220];
  • distinguished from fixed stars, [26], [82], [276], [392], [401];
  • motion of, [122] sq., [225], [350], [353];
  • system of, [344] sq.
• Plants, Empedokles, [277] sq.;
  • Anaxagoras, [315] sq.
• Plato, App. [§ 1];
  • on Egyptians and Phoenicians, [17], [20], 27 [n. 41];
  • on Egyptian arithmetic, [22];
  • on schools of philosophy, [35];
  • on Pythagoras, 96 [n. 202];
  • on Xenophanes, [140];
  • on Herakleitos, [140], [159], [162], [176], [178];
  • on Herakleiteans, 161 [n. 373], 188 [n. 418];
  • on Parmenides, [192], [207], [221];
  • on Empedokles, [159], [178], 269 [n. 593];
  • on Anaxagoras, 291 [n. 655], [295], [297] sq., [309];
  • on Philolaos, [319];
  • on Pythagoreans, [121], [124];
  • on incommensurables, 117 [n. 245];
  • on Zeno, [192], [358], [360], [361];
  • on Melissos, 379 [n. 919];
  • Phaedo, 89 [n. 178], 91 [n. 183], 108 [n. 228], 109 [n. 229], 172 [n. 391],182 [n. 411], [320] sq., [342], [343], [345], [354];
  • Cratylus, 417 [n. 1027];
  • Theaetetus, 117 [n. 245], 263 [n. 580], 338 [n. 794], 417 [n. 1027];
  • Sophist, 356 [n. 849], 358 [n. 853];
  • Politicus, 280 [n. 621];
  • Parmenides, 358 [n. 852], [359], [360] sq.;
  • Philebus, [323];
  • Symposium, [221], 281 [n. 625];
  • Phaedrus, [295];
  • Gorgias, [321];
  • Meno, 234 [n. 524];
  • Republic, 25 [n. 39], 90 [n. 181], 177 [n. 400], [216], [219] sq., [352];
  • Timaeus, 61 [n. 115], 79 [n. 154], 113 [n. 237], 118 [n. 248], [121], [122], [225], [287], [340], [342], 345 [n. 818], [346], [352], [396];
  • Laws, 107 [n. 227], 117 [n. 246], [353]
• Pleasure and pain, Empedokles, [285];
  • Anaxagoras, [317]
• Pliny, [42], [52]
• Pluralism, [227] sqq., [357]
• Political activity of philosophers, Thales, [46];
  • Pythagoras, [96] sq.;
  • Parmenides, [195];
  • Empedokles, [230] sq.;
  • Zeno, [358]
• Polybios, 99 [n. 206]
• Polybos, [379]
• Polykrates, era of, 53 [n. 97], [94]
• Pores. See [πόροι]
• Porphyry, 92 [n. 187], 104 [n. 219], 257 [n. 571]
• Poseidonios, 19 [n. 27], 81 [n. 159]
• Precession. See [Equinoxes]
• Proclus, commentary on Euclid, [44], 115 [n. 243]
• Proportion, [117] sq.
• Protagoras, [188], [360]
• Purification. See [καθαρμός, κάθαρσις]
• Pyramids, measurement of, [45].
  • See [πυραμίς]
• Pythagoras, [91] sqq.;
  • forged writings, [325]
• Pythagoreans, [212] sqq., [319] sqq.