D. He was the eldest son of John. B. at Winchester, 1207. M. Eleanor, daughter of Raymond Berenger, count of Provence. Dd. at Westminster, Nov. 16, 1272. R. 56 years (1216 to 1272).
1216. The king being only nine years old, the earl of Pembroke was appointed regent.
1217. Louis’ army defeated at Lincoln (May 20). Hubert vanquished and nearly destroyed a fleet sent to assist Louis, who now finding his cause hopeless, returned to France.
1219. Death of Pembroke. His authority shared between Hubert de Burgh and Peter des Roches: the latter retired from office in 1224.
1225. The Great Charter confirmed and ratified in the form it has ever since retained.
The chapters relative to forests and warrens had been withdrawn from the charter a few years before, and, with certain modifications, formed into a separate charter, called the Charter of Forests, which was now confirmed.
1232. Hubert de Burgh removed from office, and succeeded by his old rival, Peter des Roches.
1242. Henry invaded France, and was defeated by Louis IX. at Taillebourg in Saintonge.
1258. The king’s misgovernment, which had lasted through a series of years, led the nobility, headed by Simon de Montfort (earl of Leicester, and brother-in-law of the king), to endeavour to check his arbitrary power; and at a parliament held at Oxford, unjustly called THE MAD PARLIAMENT, they drew up some ordinances for the reformation of the Government, known as THE PROVISIONS OF OXFORD.