This treaty was merely a truce. England surrendered all her conquests except Ceylon and Trinidad. Malta was to be given back to the knights of St. John.
1803. Renewal of the war with France: all the English travelling in France arrested. War with the Mahrattas in India. General Lake gained great victories at Delhi (Sept. 11) and Laswaree (Nov. 1), and General Wellesley at Assaye (Sept. 23) and Argaum (Nov. 28).
1804. Pitt reinstated as premier. Buonaparte became emperor of France under the title of Napoleon I.
1805. Napoleon prepared to invade England. Victory over the French and Spanish fleets off Cape Finisterre, by Sir Robert Calder (July 22), and off TRAFALGAR by Nelson, who was killed (Oct 21): naval power of France destroyed.
1806. Death of Pitt. A coalition ministry formed, the most important member of which was Fox, who died the same year. The French defeated by Sir John Stuart at Maida, in Calabria (July 6). Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree, to destroy the trade of England.
1807. Slave trade abolished by parliament. The duke of Portland appointed premier. Copenhagen bombarded by the English (Sept. 5), who seized the Danish fleet, which otherwise would have fallen into the hands of Napoleon. Portugal occupied by the French.
1808. The king of Spain compelled to resign his crown, which was conferred by Napoleon on his brother, Joseph Buonaparte. The people of the Peninsula resolved to resist, and England to render aid. THE PENINSULAR WAR. Sir Arthur Wellesley landed in Portugal, and defeated the French at Roliça (Aug. 17) and Vimiera (Aug. 21). After the latter battle, the Convention of Cintra was concluded, by which the French agreed to evacuate Portugal.
1809. Battle of Corunna, in which the French were defeated, and Sir John Moore, the English general, slain (Jan. 16). Wellesley gained a great victory at Talavera (July 27-8). The unfortunate Walcheren expedition, in which a large number of our troops died from disease. Perceval became premier.
1810. Wellesley, now Lord Wellington, defeated the French at Busaco (Sept. 27), but his opponents in the Peninsula being greatly superior in numbers, he entered the impregnable lines of Torres Vedras, where it was impossible to attack him with success. George III. became incurably insane.