Italian Literature. Emotional and imaginative rather than reflective, and therefore at its best in the brilliant and exuberant era of the Renaissance, which first came into full bloom in Italy.

POETRY
Dante
Jacopone
Michelangelo
Petrarch
Tasso

FICTION
Boccaccio
Manzoni

HISTORY
Ferrero

TRAVEL
& BIOG.
Cellini
Pellico
Polo
Villari

PHILOSOPHY
Machiavelli

RELIGION
Jacopone
Mazzini
Thomas of Celano

Spanish Literature. Marked by the dignity that is the predominating characteristic of the nation. Just as Spain has had but one brief period when she was supreme among the European nations, so she has produced but one supreme author, Cervantes. Her literature, for the most part, and notably at the present day, is imitative, behind rather than ahead of the times.

POETRY
Spanish Lit.

FICTION
Cervantes