Fly leaves. The blank leaves at the beginning and end of a book, between the end papers and the book proper.
Folder. A flat piece of bone or ivory used in folding the sheets and in many other manipulations. Also applied to the person engaged in folding sheets.
Folio. A sheet folded once, consisting of two leaves, or four pages; the size of the sheet being usually understood as about 19×24 inches, giving a leaf 19×12 inches. Also, the consecutive page numbers of a book, pamphlet, etc.
Fore-edge. The front edge of the leaves.
Forwarding. All processes through which a book passes after sewing, other than those of ornamentation by means of tools or rolls. Also that department which takes books after they are sewed and advances them until they are put in leather ready for the finisher. One who works at this branch is termed a forwarder.
French guard. Made by turning over half an inch or more of the back edge of a printed sheet or illustration and then folding it around the next signature.
French joint. A joint in which the board is not brought close up to the back, thus giving more play in opening.
French morocco. An inferior quality of levant morocco, having usually a smaller and less prominent grain.
Full-bound. When the sides and back of a book are entirely covered with one piece of the same material it is said to be full-bound.
Gascon, Le, style. The distinguishing feature of this style is the dotted face of the ornaments instead of the continuous or solid line. Wherever these dotted ornaments are used the style is called Le Gascon. Time, the first half of the seventeenth century, immediately following that of Nicholas and Clovis Eve.