- The decomposed protocarbonate will yield 57.5 red oxide;
- The decomposed percarbonate will yield, 36.7 acid, 63.3 oxide;
- The decomposed oxalate will yield 47 red oxide; and
- The muriate will yield 100 acid (22), and 197.7 oxide.
All of which agree very nearly with the results above obtained.
Hence it appears to me very probable that the several atoms of the metal and the oxides are as stated above; and that,
| 100 cerium | + | 31.8 | oxygen | = | 131.8 protoxide, white. |
| ——— | + | 47.7 | —— | = | 147.7 intermediate, red. |
Hisinsger, from some of the same data united to other hypothetical facts than those assumed above, deduces the two oxides very different; viz. 100 metal + 17.4 oxygen for the protoxide, and 100 + 26.1 for the peroxide.
SECTION 14.
EARTHY, ALKALINE AND METALLIC
SULPHURETS.
The sulphurets exhibit a very important class of combinations of two elements. Many of the metals are found chiefly in the state of native sulphurets, and are extracted by particular processes. Artificial combinations of sulphur and the metals, and of sulphur and the earths and alkalies are commonly practised, and are found useful in chemical investigations. The alkaline and earthy sulphurets will scarcely be allowed perhaps to be combinations of two elements only; but their analogy with the other compounds is such as to induce us to treat of them under this head, especially as they are agents occasionally in the formation of metallic sulphurets, and these cannot be so well understood without some knowledge of the other. For like reasons the compounds of three elements, sulphur, metal, and oxygen, called sulphuretted oxides, and sulphuretted sulphites, and those of four elements, sulphur, metal, oxygen and hydrogen, called hydrosulphurets, may be considered at the same time, having an intimate relation with the sulphurets strictly so called, or the compounds formed with sulphur and the undecompounded bodies.
Sulphur may be combined with the earths, alkalies and metals, by heat, of various degrees according to the nature of the subjects. The union is attended in many cases with a glowing ignition, indicating the evolution of heat. The metallic oxides and sulphur when heated together commonly produce a sulphuret of the metal, whilst the oxygen escapes with part of the redundant sulphur in the form of sulphurous acid, and the rest of the sulphur sublimes.
In the humid way sulphur may be combined with earths, alkalies, and metals, by means of sulphuretted hydrogen, hydrosulphurets (that is, sulphuretted hydrogen united to other alkaline or earthy bases), and hydroguretted sulphurets (a name given to certain earthy and alkaline sulphurets formed mostly by boiling mixtures of the respective bases and sulphur in water.) The sulphuretted hydrogen may be used in this state of gas or combined with water; the hydrosulphurets and hydroguretted sulphurets are best applied in their watery solutions. The metals are to be used in this case in the state of salts, that is, oxides united to acids, and in solution; or their oxides may in some instances be precipitated previously to the addition of the sulphur compound; the alkalies and earths are sometimes directly sulphurized in the state of hydrates, and at other times by double affinity, in the state of salts or combined with acids. The phenomena in the case of sulphurets formed in the humid way, are various and often complicated, and the true results are not always to be obtained without considerable difficulty and uncertainty.