Here w = 100, a = 152, g = 248, S = 1.458, f = .555, c = .972 s = .0694 and C = .812. The value of u reduces to the following form;
| u = | 4.7916a - 1⅔g + 1.875w - 6Cw | = 24.5 |
| .625 |
hydrogen per cent. of pure combustible gas.
Hence we have 75.5 volumes left for the 3 other ingredients = w of the formula; and abstracting 12 + from the oxygen on account of the hydrogen, g = 236, and a = 152 as above.
| Whence | x = | Superolefiant = 38¼ |
| y = | Carb. hydrg. = 30.2 | |
| and | z = | Carb. oxide = 7+ |
| 75.5 | ||
These results differ considerably from those deduced in the above essay; probably in part from errors in the above estimates of the specific gravities of one or more of the gases.
EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS BY HEAT.
I am not aware of any particular labour that has recently been given to the enquiry how far pure liquids accord with each other in the law which I announced as derived from the experiments on water and mercury, and corroborated by those upon several other liquids. See Vol. 1, Table of temperature, page 14; also page 36, and following.
Perhaps all liquids should be considered as pure that are subject to uniform congelation at certain temperatures on the one hand, and on the other are capable of being distilled by heat without any alteration in their constitution. Water and mercury will rank in the first place; alcohol of .82 specific gravity and ether of .72; concentrated sulphuric acid; nitric acid of 1.42 specific gravity: naphtha and oil of turpentine, &c. will probably be thought to claim the next place. It is desirable that the temperatures at which these liquids congeal should be ascertained; also whether any decomposition is effected by the operation. If these expand proportionally to a scale of square numbers for certain given equal or unequal intervals of temperature, it may point out something relative to the collocation of the ultimate particles in liquids. The apparent coincidence of this rate of expansion in liquids, with the geometrical progressive force of steams or vapours creates an additional interest. It may be that most or all of these supposed relations are accidental, and only approximative like that of the rate of expansion of air and mercury, between the temperatures of -40° and 212°; but I cannot think this probable. Even should they be only approximations, they are of sufficient utility to be kept in view.
FINIS.