The Non-Christian Cross / An Enquiry into the Origin and History of the Symbol Eventually Adopted as That of Our Religion

by John Denham Parsons

Upon a coin which on the obverse bears the inscription Constantinus Max. Aug., we see upon the reverse Victory carrying a palm. In the field is the symbol

. The surrounding motto is Victoria constantini Aug.

Several coins with the legend Gloria Exercitus have upon the same side two soldiers with a

labarum or military standard between them, upon the banner of which is the symbol

.

On a coin with the legend Victoria Cæsar NN we see Victory carrying a palm. In the field is the Gaulish symbol

.