5. He did not believe in the doctrine of a special creation.
6. He believed in the theory of Evolution, so far as this theory had been developed in his time.
7. He did not believe in miracles and special providences. He believed that all things are governed by immutable laws, and that miracles and special providences, in the evangelical sense of these terms, are impossible.
8. He rejected the doctrine of total, or inherent depravity.
9. He repudiated the doctrine of vicarious atonement.
10. He condemned the doctrine of forgiveness for sin.
11. He opposed the doctrine of future rewards and punishments.
12. He denied the doctrine of the freedom of the will.
13. He did not believe in the efficacy of prayer as understood by orthodox Christians.
14 He indorsed, for the most part, the criticisms of Thomas Paine on the Bible and Christianity, and accepted, to a great extent, the theological and humanitarian views of Theodore Parker.