CONTENTS.

VOLUME I.

CHAPTER I.

THE SEA KINGS.

PAGE
Tercentenary of the Discovery of America, 1792[1]
The Abbé Raynal and his book[2]
Was the Discovery of America a blessing or a curse to
mankind?[3]
The Abbé Genty's opinion[4]
A cheering item of therapeutics[4]
Spanish methods of colonization contrasted with English[5]
Spanish conquerors value America for its supply of precious
metals[6]
Aim of Columbus was to acquire the means for driving the
Turks from Europe[7]
But Spain used American treasure not so much against Turks
as against Protestants[8]
Vast quantities of treasure taken from America by Spain[9]
Nations are made wealthy not by inflation but by production[9]
Deepest significance of the discovery of America; it opened
up a fresh soil in which to plant the strongest type of
European civilization[10]
America first excited interest in England as the storehouse
of Spanish treasure[11]
After the Cabot voyages England paid little attention to
America[12]
Save for an occasional visit to the Newfoundland fisheries[13]
Earliest English reference to America[13]
Founding of the Muscovy Company[14]
Richard Eden and his books[15]
John Hawkins and the African slave trade[15], [16]
Hawkins visits the French colony in Florida[17]
Facts which seem to show that thirst is the mother of invention[18]
Massacre of Huguenots in Florida; escape of the painter Le
Moyne[18]
Hawkins goes on another voyage and takes with him young
Francis Drake[19]
The affair of San Juan de Ulua and the journey of David
Ingram[20]
Growing hostility to Spain in England[21]
Size and strength of Elizabeth's England[21], [22]
How the sea became England's field of war[22]
Loose ideas of international law[23]
Some bold advice to Queen Elizabeth[23]
The sea kings were not buccaneers[24]
Why Drake carried the war into the Pacific Ocean[25]
How Drake stood upon a peak in Darien[26]
Glorious voyage of the Golden Hind[26], [27]
Drake is knighted by the Queen[27]
The Golden Hind's cabin is made a banquet-room[28]
Voyage of the half-brothers, Gilbert and Raleigh[28]
Gilbert is shipwrecked, and his patent is granted to Raleigh[29]
Raleigh's plan for founding a Protestant state in America
may have been suggested to him by Coligny[30]
Elizabeth promises self-government to colonists in America[31]
Amidas and Barlow visit Pamlico Sound[31]
An Ollendorfian conversation between white men and red men[32]
The Queen's suggestion that the new country be called in
honour of herself Virginia[32]
Raleigh is knighted, and sends a second expedition under
Ralph Lane[32]
Who concludes that Chesapeake Bay would be better than
Pamlico Sound[33]
Lane and his party on the brink of starvation are rescued by
Sir Francis Drake[33]
Thomas Cavendish follows Drake's example and circumnavigates
the earth[34]
How Drake singed the beard of Philip II.[34]
Raleigh sends another party under John White[35]
The accident which turned White from Chesapeake Bay to
Roanoke Island[35]
Defeat of the Invincible Armada[36], [37]
The deathblow at Cadiz[38]
The mystery about White's colony[38], [39]
Significance of the defeat of the Armada[39], [40]

CHAPTER II

A DISCOURSE OF WESTERN PLANTING

Some peculiarities of sixteenth century maps[41]
How Richard Hakluyt's career was determined[42]
Strange adventures of a manuscript[43]
Hakluyt's reasons for wishing to see English colonies planted
in America[44]
English trade with the Netherlands[45]
Hakluyt thinks that America will presently afford as good a
market as the Netherlands[46]
Notion that England was getting to be over-peopled[46]
The change from tillage to pasturage[46], [47]
What Sir Thomas More thought about it[47]
Growth of pauperism during the Tudor period[48]
Development of English commercial and naval marine[49]
Opposition to Hakluyt's schemes[49]
The Queen's penuriousness[50]
Beginnings of joint-stock companies[51]
Raleigh's difficulties[52], [53]
Christopher Newport captures the great Spanish carrack[53]
Raleigh visits Guiana and explores the Orinoco River[54]
Ambrosial nights at the Mermaid Tavern[54]
Accession of James I[55]
Henry, Earl of Southampton, Shakespeare's friend, sends
Bartholomew Gosnold on an expedition[55]
Gosnold reaches Buzzard's Bay in what he calls North Virginia,
and is followed by Martin Pring and George
Weymouth[55], [56]
Performance of "Eastward Ho," a comedy by Chapman and
Marston[56]
Extracts from this comedy[57]-[59]
Report of the Spanish ambassador Zuñiga to Philip III[59]
First charter to the Virginia Company, 1606[60]
"Supposed Sea of Verrazano" covering the larger part of the
area now known as the United States[61]
Northern and southern limits of Virginia[62]
The twin joint-stock companies and the three zones[62], [63]
The three zones in American history[63]
The kind of government designed for the two colonies[64]
Some of the persons chiefly interested in the first colony
known as the London Company[65]-[67]
Some of the persons chiefly interested in the second colony
known as the Plymouth Company[67], [68]
Some other eminent persons who were interested in western
planting[68]-[70]
Expedition of the Plymouth Company and disastrous failure
of the Popham Colony[70], [71]
The London Company gets its expedition ready a little
before Christmas and supplies it with a list of instructions[71], [72]
Where to choose a site for a town[72]
Precautions against a surprise by the Spaniards[73]
Colonists must try to find the Pacific Ocean[73]
And must not offend the natives or put much trust in them[74]
The death and sickness of white men must be concealed from
the Indians[75]
It will be well to beware of woodland coverts, avoid malaria,
and guard against desertion[75]
The town should be carefully built with regular streets[75], [76]
Colonists must not send home any discouraging news[76]
What Spain thought about all this[76], [77]
Christopher Newport starts with a little fleet for Virginia[77]
A poet laureate's farewell blessing[77]-[79]

CHAPTER III