[732] King, Chronicles, i. pp. 168, 169.
[733] Of the date of Khammu-rabi; for this reference we are indebted to Professor Sayce.
[734] In the Book of Omens (Hommel, Die Semit. Völker und Sprache, pp. 176 ff.), cited by Maspero, Struggle of the Nations (1896), p. 19. The extract is supposed to date from the time of Sargon (of Akkad) and Naram-Sin, but more probably belongs, Professor Sayce tells us, to that of Khammu-rabi. (Cf. also Winckler, Alttestament. Forsch., p. 162, note 1; Hommel, Gesch. Bab. und Ass., p. 271, note 6.)
[735] Stela, C. 1, Musée du Louvre. See above, [p. 77], note 1 (b). There is, however, considerable difference of opinion among philologists as to this reading.
[736] Cf. Genesis xxiii., xxv. 9, xxvi. 34, xlix. 29, 32.
[737] Genesis xxvii. 46, xxviii. 1. (Also xxxvi. 2, but the text is subject to amendment.) Cf. also Meyer, Gesch. des Alterthums, i. pp. 213, 214.
[738] Ezekiel xvi. 3, 45. Messerschmidt also points to the analogy of the name of a king of Jerusalem, Abd-khipa (T. A. Letters), with those of Putu-khipa (wife of Hattusil the Hittite) and Tadu-khipa (wife of Tushratta of Mitanni). Winckler (Mitteilungen D.O.G. 1907, 35, pp. 47 ff.) attributes these early references and the appearance of the Hittites in these times in southern Syria and Babylonia, to the settlement of the Mitannians, whom he regards as a kindred but earlier stock. Among these he finds an Indo-Germanic element (op. cit., p. 51); but with the controversy on this point we are not concerned.
[739] On the relation of Hyksos and Hittites, see Maspero, The Struggle of the Nations (1898), p. 57. For us, in the recent recognition of the Amorites as an Aramæan people, coupled with the Semitic names of the Hyksos leaders, and the vassalage of the Amorite to the Hittite in later centuries (see below, [p. 336]), the problem is nearing solution.
[740] On this point Professor Sayce kindly supplies the following note:—‘In the fourteenth chapter of Genesis we are told that one of the vassal allies of Chedor-laomer in his campaign against his revolted subjects in the naphtha-bearing district of southern Canaan was Tidᶜal, king of the Goyyim or “Nations.” In the fragments of the Babylonian story of Chedor-laomer published by Dr. Pinches, the name of Tidᶜal is written Tudkhul, and he is described as king of the Umman Manda or Nations of the North, of which the Hebrew Goyyim is a literal translation. Now the name is Hittite. In the account of the campaign of Ramses II. against the Hittites it appears as Tidᶜal, and one of the Hittite kings of Boghaz-Keui bears the same name, which is written Dud-khaliya in cuneiform. The name is evidently a compound of Dud or Tud—with which we may compare Tadu-Khipa—and the territorial divinity Khaliya (Greek Halys; cp. the Lydian Alyattes).
‘In the Bogche inscription [[p. 155]] the king who erected the monument is called Khaleis “the Khalian,” and we probably have the same name in Khulli, the father of the Cilician Amris.