Simple Substances.
| Oxygen: a gas. | |
| Silicon | Elements allied to the gases. |
| Boron | |
| Carbon | |
| Alumina | Soluble in acids. |
| Magnesia | |
| Sulphur | |
| Manganese | Metals. |
| Iron | |
| Gold | |
| “Steel” is Iron which has been “carbonized.” | |
Derived or Compounded.
| Diamond | These are termed “gems” or “precious stones.” |
| Sapphire | |
| Ruby | |
| Emerald | |
| Topaz | |
| Amethyst | |
| Aquamarine | |
| Garnet | |
| Pearl | |
| Turquoise | |
| Jargoon | |
| Onyx | |
| Sardonyx | |
| Quartz | These are crystallizations. |
| Rock-crystal | |
| Tourmaline | |
| Spar | |
| Asbestos | |
| Jasper | These are concretions. |
| Chalcedony | |
| Agate | |
| Carnelian | |
| Flint | |
| Bloodstone | |
| Moss-agate | |
| Weed-agate | |
| Mocha-stone | |
| Jet | These are exudations, depositions, or fossils. |
| Amber | |
| Clay | |
| Chalk | |
| Coal | |
| Rock-salt: a chloride of sodium. | |
| Kaolin: this is from “felspar.” | |
| Echinus | These are fossil animals, for the most part belonging to extinct species of “zoophytes.” |
| Ammonite | |
| Alcyonite | |
| Troglodyte | |
| Choanite | |
| Ventriculite | |
| Icthyolite | |
| Cray-fish | |
| Sharks’ teeth | |
| Sand of the Desert: this is powdered quartz. | |
| Sand of the Sea-shore: sandstone dust, mixed and penetrated with salt. | |
| Sea-weed: a compound of vegetable carbon, salt, and siliceous particles. | |
MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL KEY to the Glossary.
| Oxygen. This is a pure gas, and the most universally diffused substance in nature. | |
| Silicon | These elements will combine permanently with the principal gases. |
| Carbon | |
| Boron | |
| Alumina | These elements, when dissolved in certain acids, yield a colourless solution. |
| Magnesia | |
| Sulphur | |
| Manganese | These elements, dissolved in acids, yield a coloured solution. |
| Iron | |
| Gold | |
| Delessite is a chloride of iron. | |
Silica comprises only 2 species:—1. Quartz; 2. Opal.
From Quartz, come
| Rock-crystal | which are “vitreous,” |
| Cairn-gorums | |
| Sand | |
| and | |
| Chalcedony | which are “concretions.” |
| Agate | |
| Onyx | |
| Carnelian | |
| Sard | |
| Bloodstone | |
| Jasper | |
| Flints | |