Recently, however, Professor Ridgeway, who has devoted special attention to the problem, has satisfied himself that there is no sufficient foundation for these suppositions. He thus sums up the evidence which he has been able to collect:[334][{288}]
"Darwin's view that the original ancestor of the Equidæ was a dun-coloured animal, striped all over, was based, not merely on the occurrence of stripes in horses, but on his belief that such stripes were common in dun horses, and that there was a tendency in horses to revert to dun colour. But it must be confessed that the facts do not warrant his conclusion.... It is clear that stripes are at least as often a concomitant of dark as of dun colour. Moreover, if Darwin's hypothesis of a dun-coloured ancestor with stripes is sound, dark colours such as bay and brown must be of more recent origin, and accordingly there ought to be a great readiness on the part of a progeny of a light-coloured animal when mated with a dark to revert to the light. But Professor Ewart's zebra stallion has never been able to stamp his own peculiar pattern or his own colours on his hybrid offspring. The ground colour has been determined by the dams of the hybrids."
INDEX
Abiogenesis, [49-51]
Ætiology, [197]
Agnosticism, Huxley's first principle of, [4]
Its fundamental principle unreasonable, [272]
American Museum and the pedigree of the Horse, [248]
Amphibians, embryology, [195]
"Anthropomorphism," 2[74], [275]
Archæopteryx, [171]
Archebiosis, [53]
Argus pheasant, ornamentation, [175]
Arsinoetherium, [267]
Atlantic cable, an illustration from, of chance and purpose, [115]
Atoms, [37], [41], [88], [89], [90], [136]
Augustine, St.—on creation causaliter et seminaliter, [141], [207]
Axolotl, [195]
Baden-Powell, Prof.—on the nature of the First Cause, [276]
Bastian, Dr. H. C.—on spontaneous generation, [21], [50], [53]
Bathybius Haeckelii, [21]
Batrachians, appearance of, [225]
Bats, an evolutionary puzzle, [229], [257]
Bee, cell-making instinct, [156], [179]
Bickerton, Prof.,—on dissipation of energy, 2[7] n.
Biogenesis, [49], [50]
Blanchard, M.—on variation, [164];
on Darwinian argumentation, [181];
on fecundity as a factor in survival, [188];
on the problem of creation, [268]
Bolingbroke, Viscount,—on the nature of the first cause, [273]
Bridgman, Laura, [77]
Bunsen, Chevalier,—on animal sounds and language, [74]
Butler, Bishop,—on intelligence as a factor in cosmogony, [100]
Carruthers, Mr. W.—on specific stability of Salix polaris, [164];
on classification of plants, [214];
on the geological record, [216], [265];
on past history of plant-life, [216] seq.; on[{290}]
an assertion of Haeckel's, [221];
on the evidence supplied by fossil plants, 2[23]
Case, Prof.—on the meaning of "fortuitous," [125]
Causation, principle of, [2], [87], [94], [107]
Cause, the First. See [First Cause]
Chance, [110] seq., [151], [174]
Cicero—on the evidence for a Deity, [103]
Clerk-Maxwell, Prof.—on force and energy, [23] n;
on Molecules, [90], [104];
on evidence of design, ibid.
Clifford, Prof. W. K.—on design in Nature, [101]
Clodd, Mr. E.—on atoms, [41]
Comte, Auguste—on materialism, [278]
Consciousness, origin of, [67]
Cosmos and its Cause, [86] seq.
Croll, Mr.—on force and its determination, 9[4-96]
Crookes, Sir W.—on renovation of energy, [26];
on radium and radio-activity, [42], [43]
Cryptogamous plants, fossil history, [219]
Crystallization, [63], [64]
Darwin, Mr.—on the "law of continuity," [57];
on spontaneous generation, [58];
on the mental gulf between man and brute, [71];
on the origin of language, [79], [178];
on "creation," [91];
on the structure of the eye, [91];
on chance as a factor of the world, [116];
on pain and suffering as an objection to design, [119];
disclaims achievements attributed to him, [150];
his system, [153] seq. (see Darwinism);
his mode of arguing, [178];
dogmatism, [179];
pleads lack of knowledge as an argument, [182];
on single origin of every species, [210], [254];
on genealogy of the Horse, [259];
on the imperfection of the geological record, [264]
Darwinism, [149] seq.;
false representations of, [149-151];
sketch of system, [151-157];
facts favouring, [158-160];
difficulties of, [160] seq.;
explains no origins, [161];
ignores the prime factor, ibid.;
improbabilities, [166], [173];
does not explain initial developments, [170] seq.;
nor artistic ornamentation, [175];
specious arguments too easily forthcoming, [177];
does not account for organic progression, [187];
scientific opinions concerning, [198] seq., [281]
Dawson, Sir J. W.—on the first origin of life, [208];
on the history of animal life, [223]; on genealogy of the Equidæ, [247];
of the Cetacea, [257];
of bats,[{291}]
[258];
on lack of palæontological evidence for evolution, [260]
Design, evidence of, in Nature, [90], [97] seq.;
Kant on the necessity of, [150]
Determination of force, its necessity, [94-96], [114]
Determinism of the will, [81] seq.
Development of organic types, [146]
Dicotyledons, appearance of, [220]
Diderot—on evidence of intelligence in Nature, [125]
Dinotherium, classification of, [259] n
Dogs, their vocal expression of emotions, [73]
Du Bois-Reymond, Herr,—on the "Seven Enigmas," [31-33];
on the progress of human development, [68], [69];
on Haeckel's genealogies, [264]
Dysteleology, [190]
Ear, structure of, [93]
Electrons, [42]
Elephant and Tortoise of Hindu astronomy, [107]
Embryology and Evolution, [158-160], [192] seq.
"Energy," [23]; conservation of, ibid.;
dissipation of, [24] seq.;
renovation of, [26-28]
"Enigmas, the Seven," [32]
Entropy, [25]
Equidæ. See [Horse]
Ether, a constituent of the universe, [36]
Evil, Origin of, the darkest of mysteries, [120]
"Evolution," different meanings of term, [8];
as an operative law, [10-14];
eternal, [11];
as a philosophy, [22] seq.;
formula of, [145]
As a process, [45] seq.
Organic, [142] seq.;
essential characters of theory, [147], [206];
nature of evidence required, [208] seq.;
history of in vegetable and animal kingdoms, [216] seq.
Eye, origin of, [91], [154]
Helmholtz, on defects of, [91] n.;
structure of, [155] n.;
evolution of, [168]
Fabre, M.—on Darwin's facts, [200] n.;
on our ignorance of Nature, [203]
Faraday, Prof.—on gravitation, [125]
Final causality (Teleology), [98] seq.
First Cause, the object of inference, [96], [97];
nature of as shown by reason, [270] seq.
Fish, appearance of, [225];
problems presented by, [233]
Flight, problem of, [93]
Flower, Sir W.—on the extinct American horse, [254]
Force, nature of, [23]
Free-will, Prof. Haeckel on, [33], [81];
Dr. Johnson on, [84]
Fuegians, mental likeness to ourselves, [72]
Garnett, Prof.—on force, 23[{292}]
Gaudry, M.—on ancestry of whales, [257];
of bats, [258];
of proboscidians, [259]
Genera and species, [244] n.
Generatio aequivoca, [65]
Generation, mysteries of, [123] seq.
Geological formations, succession of, [213]
Geological record, [216], [264], seq.
Giraffe, evolution of, [154]
Glass, fortuitously discovered, [115]
Goethe—on "iron law," [14]
Gore, Dr. G.—on machinery as excluding idea of design, [118]
"Grand Question," the, [96]
Grimthorpe, Lord (Sir E. Beckett)—on matter, [37]; on the problem of flight, [93];
on evidences of purpose, [94];
on generation, [124];
on the structure of the eye, [155] n.
Gymnosperms, appearance of, [219]
Haeckel, Prof. E.—on "rational view of the world," [10-14];
on the "magic word evolution," [16];
on scientific method, [18], [20];
on the law of substance, [13], [23];
on the conservation of energy, [23], [24], [26];
on the "Seven Enigmas," [33];
on the nature and properties of matter, [35], [39];
on the artificial manufacture of protoplasm, [59];
on free-will and determinism, [81];
on design in Nature, [90], [150];
on chance, [117];
on Monism, [128];
on annihilation as a desirable end, [130];
on the ultimate reality, [135];
unfounded claims on behalf of Darwin, [150];
bases arguments on lack of knowledge, [183];
on rudimentary organs and "Dysteleology," [190];
on single origin of every species, [210];
on the appearance of the Apetalæ, [221];
invents geological "ante-periods," [236];
and intermediate forms, [261];
his pedigree of man, [261];
his method of solving the riddles of Nature, [264]
Heredity, [83], [99]
Herschel, Sir J.—on molecules as manufactured articles, [89];
on evidence of mind in Nature, [100];
on gravitation, [125]
Hesperornis, [171]
Heurtin, Marie, [77]
Hippops, [246], [252]
Hird, Mr. D.—on the omnipotence of Evolution, [14];
on transformations of force, [129]
Holland, Sir H.—on structure of ear, [93]
Homer, a "half-savage Greek," [69] n.
Homo alalus, and sapiens, [81]
Horse, structure of, [94], [240]
Genealogy of, [236], [241] seq.
Hudson, Dr.—on neglect of[{293}]
study of present life in favour of evolutionary speculations, [185]
Humboldt, W. von—on human speech, [76]
Hutton, F. W.—on finite duration of the world, [2];
and of the universe, [28];
on dissipation of energy, [27] n.
Huxley, Prof.—on finite duration of the world, [1];
on the nature of science, [5];
on "Laws of Nature," [16-18];
on Evolution as a philosophy, [21], [22];
on matter, [38];
on the beginning of life, [46];
on faith and verification, [47];
on the fundamental principle of Evolution, [48];
on spontaneous generation, [50-54];
on protoplasm, [59], [60];
on structure of the Horse, [93];
on theism and creation, [100];
on teleology, [102];
on theism and chance, [103];
on the non-existence of chance, [111];
on seeming waste in nature, [121];
on mind and matter, [133];
on Saurian birds, [172];
on Dysteleology, [191];
on embryology and ætiology, [197];
on the Darwinian theory, [200], [201];
on facts as the only sound basis of theory, [204];
on the fundamental doctrine of organic evolution, [206];
on evolutionary evidence, [235];
on Haeckel's "Ante-periods," [236];
claims palæontological evidence as demonstrative of Evolution, [239], [261];
his pedigree of the Horse, [236], [242] seq.;
discussed, [244] seq.
Hydra, structure of, [146]
Icthyornis, [171]
Inertia, a property of matter, [39]
Inference, [5] n.; [96], [272]
Insects, insular, as an argument for Natural Selection, [154], [167]
Invertebrate life, history of, [225]
Johnson, Dr.—on free-will, [84]
Julius Cæsar, his polydactyle charger, [241]
Kant—on necessity of design, [150]
Keller, Miss [77]
Kelvin, Lord (Sir W. Thomson),—on the dissipation of energy, [25], [26];
his Law of Parsimony, [98];
on science and theism, [104], [278]
Laing, Mr. S.—on matter and motion, [35]
Lamarck—on Nature's witness to God, [279]
Language, our "Rubicon," [73];
distinctively human, [73-78];
essential character, [74];
theories as to origin, [79]
Lankester, Prof. Ray—on evolution of Proboscideae, [259]
Laws of Nature—what? [16],[{294}]
[17], [86];
expressions of creative intelligence, [123], [277]
Lewes, Mr.—on Laws of Nature, [86]
Liddon, Canon—on Laws of Nature, [16]
Life had a beginning, [46];
origin of, [46-66];
laws of, [90]
Link forms wanting in Nature, [208] seq., [228] seq.
Lodge, Sir O.—on non-purposive Evolution, [202];
on anthropomorphism and the First Cause, [276]
Lydekker, Mr. R.—on pedigree of the Horse, [248]
Lyell, Sir C.—on the need of creation, [269]
Mallock, Mr. W.—on human conduct, [139]
Mammals, appearance of, [226];
problems suggested by, [255]
Man, faculties, [71] seq.;
appearance of, [227]
Marsh, Prof.—on Evolution, [47];
on Hippops, [252]
Marshall, Prof. Milnes—on the teachings of Evolution, [15];
on embryology, [159];
on Haeckel's treatment of the same, [195]
Marsupials, first appearance, [226]
Materia Prima, [42] n
Matter, [35];
indestructibility, [13], [23];
properties, [36] seq.;
constitution, [37], [41] seq., [135];
and motion, [39];
dissolution of, [43];
and mind, [131] seq.
Max Müller, Prof.—on language, [73], [75]
Mendeléeff's Periodic Law, [88]
Mind and matter, connexion of, [131] seq.
Mivart, Mr. St. G.—on the gulf between man and brute, [72];
on the essence of language, [74];
on theories as to its origin, [79];
on the ease with which Darwinian arguments can be found, [177];
on embryology of Salamander, [193];
on incompatibility of geological evidence with theory of Evolution by minute and gradual modification, [228], [230];
on evolution of the Horse, [255];
on the failure of apparent links, [267]
Mole, evolution of, [181]
Molecules, [88];
"manufactured articles," [89];
Clerk-Maxwell on, [90], [104]
Monism, [126] seq., [278];
and morality, [137];
and Truth, [138]
Monocotyledons, appearance of, [219]
Motion, as a property of matter, [39]
Myriadism, a better term for Monism, [136]
"Natural Selection," what it is, [152] seq.;
its powers discussed, [165] seq.;
can produce nothing, [168];
a misnomer, [174]. See [Darwinism].
"Nature," 6[{295}]
Nebular hypothesis, [11], [45], [48]
Newman, Cardinal—on the nature of laws, [17];
on law and causality, [99]
Newton, Sir I., his laws of motion, [39];
on evidence for theism, [103]
North British Reviewer—on the limits of variation, [162];
on the facility with which Darwinian arguments can be found, [177];
on Darwinism and geographical distribution, [184];
on the "maybe's" of Darwinism, ibid.;
on incompatibility of geological evidence with evolutionary theory, [228]
Obrecht, Martha, [77]
Ontogeny, [83] n.
Organic progression—and Darwinism, [186];
not evidenced by palæontology, [234]
Organs, vestigial or rudimentary as an argument for evolution, [158], [189]
Origin of Species, appearance of, [151]
Owen, Sir R.—on the Archæopteryx, [172]
Pain and suffering, as an objection to Design, [119], [121]
Palæontology—the only sound basis for evolutionary theory, [204];
its evidence adverse to progressive developments, [234]
Paley—his "watch argument" disproved by machine-made watches, [118]
Pasteur, M.—on spontaneous generation, [50];
on initial temperature of life, [57] n.
Peacock's feathers and Natural Selection, [155] n., [175]
Perrier, M. E.—on the evidence for Evolution, [237]
Pettigrew, Mr.—on wings of birds, [93]
Phylogeny, [83] n.
Prothyle, [42]
Protoplasm, [59-63]
Purpose and natural laws, [122]
Quatrefages, M. de—on life and non-life, [63];
on crystallization, [64];
on variation in Nature, [162];
on Darwinian argumentation, [180], [182], [183];
on embryology, [194];
on absence of intermediate forms in Nature, [212], [229]
Quinton, M.—new doctrine of life development, [57] n.
Rana opisthodon—embryology, [195]
Rayleigh, Lord—on atheistic science, [105];
on scientific authority, [109]
Reason generates speech, not vice versa, [76]
Reptiles, age of, [226]
Reptilian birds, [171]
Rivarol—on God and the world, [279]
Robin, M. Ch.—on Darwinism, [198]
Romanes, Prof.—on continuity and universality of natural causation, [29], [30];[{296}]
on origin of language, [79];
on Monism, [129];
on the inadequacy of Natural Selection, [201];
on jealousy of admitting the Creator into creation, [277]
Roscoe, Sir H.—on artificial production of protoplasm, [62]
Salamander, embryological features, [193]
Salix polaris, its specific stability, [164], [222]
Saporta, Comte de—on parallel development of animal and vegetable life, [228];
on the problem of Creation, [268]
Schoolmen, the—on relation of soul and body, [132]
Scorpion, maternal and unfilial instincts, [122]
Selous, Mr. E.—exemplifies Monistic doctrines, [139] n.
Sensation and consciousness,—origin of, [67]
Snakes, embryological features, [194]
Species, on evolutionary principles must each derive from a single origin, [210];
isolation of, [211];
and genera, [244] n.
Specific stability in Nature, [164]
Spencer, Mr. Herbert—on the beginning of life, [56];
his "Formula of Evolution," [145];
on the process of organic evolution, [147]
Spontaneous Generation. See [Life, origin of]
Stephen, Sir L.—on materialism, [78]
Stewart, Prof. Balfour—on finite duration of the world, [1];
on dissipation of energy, [25].
See also Stewart and Tait
Stewart and Tait—on self-evidence of theism, [104], [273]
Stirling, Mr.—on protoplasm, [59], [61]
Stokes, Sir G. G.—on evidence for design, [104]
Suarez—on creative power and natural law, [207]
Substance, law of, [13], [14], [22], [23], [33], [41], [118]
Survival of the fittest, and organic progression, [186]
Tait, Prof. P.—On the scope of science, [18], [20];
on force and energy, [23] n.;
on the properties of matter, [39];
on "pseudoscience," [40];
on scientific methods, [47];
on mechanical theories of life, [65].
See also [Stewart and Tait].
Teleology—[98] seq.
Theism, [97] seq., [277]
Thiselton-Dyer, Sir W.—on protoplasm, [60-62]
Thyroid gland—its lesson, [191] n.
Time, as a factor in Evolution, [80], [169]
Transformism, [142], etc.
See [Evolution, organic]
Triton alpestris, 195[{297}]
Tyndall, Prof.—on the material origin of life, [38];
on the beginning of life, [46];
on scientific method, [47];
on spontaneous generation, [54-56];
on the potentialities of matter, [54];
on mind and matter, [133]
Ungulates, structure of limbs, [241]
Variation, the basis of Darwin's calculations, [162];
its limitations, ibid.;
minute at each stage, [165]
Verbum mentale, [76]
Vines, Prof. S. H.—on speculations and facts, [185];
on the present status of the Darwinian theory, [202];
on our present knowledge, [237]
Virchow, Prof.—on the beginning of life, [46];
on spontaneous generation, [65]
Vogt, Carl—on embryology, [194];
on Haeckel's genealogies, [264]
Wallace, Mr. A. R.—on breaches of natural causation, [64];
on the origin of life, ibid.;
on the origin of animal life, [69], [70]
Weismann, Prof.—on our intellectual need for causality, [101]
Weldon, Prof.—on Huxley's scientific method, [21], [197]
Whales, appearance of, [257]
Whitney, Prof.—on origin of language, [79]
Will, the only cause known to us, [99], [100].
See also [Free-will]
Williamson, Prof. W. C.—on missing links, [231];
on an unrecognized factor in life-developments, [232];
on the geological history of fishes, [233];
on genealogy of the equidæ, [251];
on lack of palæontological support for the Evolution theory, [260]
Wings, as machines, [93]
Wollaston, Mr.—on "Nature" as an agent, [108]
World, beginning of, [1]
Zeuglodon, [257]
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