gcc The GNU C Compiler, a modern optimizing C compiler.
g++ The C++ compiler from the gcc line.
cpp The C preprocessor from gcc.
perl The Perl interpreter. Perl is a great “glue” language.
gdb GNU Debugger, used to debug programs in many different languages.
gprof Used for profiling, this program helps you to find ways to improve the performance of your programs.
emacs GNU Emacs is a programmers’ editor and IDE.
as The GNU Assembler.