[273] ἀύτη γὰρ ὀυσία ὀφθαλμοῦ ἡ κατὰ τὸν λόγον.
[274] κίνησις. Cf. p. 52.
[275] δύναμις.
[276] ὅτι ἐστὶν ἡ ψυχὴ τῶν ἐιρημένων τούτων ἀρχὴ καὶ τούτοις ὥρισται.
[277] θρεπτικῷ, ἀισθωτικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει.
[278] The foregoing passages from Aristotle's treatise On Soul occur respectively as follows: 412a, 14-15; 414a, 12-14; 412b, 18-22; 413a, 26; 413a, 31; 413a, 20-26; 413a, 31 to b, 16.
[279] ὀυθὲν γὰρ ἀυτοῦ τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ κοινωνεῖ σωματικὴ ἐνέργια.
[280] Aristotle: On the Generation of Animals, 736a, 24 to 737b, 7. The quoted passage is 736b, 28-29. Compare On Soul, 413b, 24-29.
It was not Greek philosophy alone in which in ancient times the word corresponding to "soul" was used in a wider sense than that of the quotation from "Hamlet." In the English Authorized Version of the Old Testament, first published in 1611, we read in Genesis II, 7: "Man became a living soul." The reading is the same in the Revised Version of 1885. In Genesis I, 30, we read in both versions: "And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat." In both versions it is noted in the margin that the expression translated by the single English word "life" is, in the Hebrew, "a living soul." Accordingly we find this Hebrew expression of Genesis I, 30, rendered "a soul of life"—ψυχὴν ζωῆς,—in the ancient translation of the Old Testament into Greek, known as the "Septuagint," which was probably completed less than two hundred years after the death of Aristotle and more than one hundred and fifty years before the Christian era. In the early Latin translation of the Scriptures which was finished in A.D. 405, and is largely embodied in the "Vulgate" of to-day, we read in the same verse—Genesis I, 30, "anima viviens"—"a living soul." In Genesis II, 7, where the reference is to man himself and the English Bible reads "a living soul," the Vulgate reads "animam viventem," using the same Latin words as for the lower creatures of I, 30. In like manner the Septuagint reads in Genesis II, 7, ψυχὴν ζῶσαν, as it reads in I, 30, ψυχὴν ζωῆς. Other instances from the Book of Genesis could be cited of the wide significance given therein to the expression which corresponds to "soul."
[281] Domi. Compare Aristotle: On the Generation of Animals, 736a, 24 to 737b, 7.