7. "Every coloured person, employed by the Government, receives monthly wages; and, if a slave, is emancipated at the expiration of seven years, when he becomes eligible to any office beneath the sovereignty. Many of the high dignitaries of the empire were originally slaves; the present Governor of the Dardanelles is a black, and was, a short time since, freed from servitude."
"The secretary had the most prepossessing countenance of any Turk I had yet seen, and in conversation evinced a spirit of inquiry and an amount of intelligence that far surpassed my expectations.... His history is a pleasing one. He was a poor boy, a charity scholar in one of the public schools. The late Sultan Mahmood requiring a page to fill a vacancy in his suite, directed the appointment to be given to the most intelligent pupil. The present secretary was the fortunate one; and by his abilities, his suavity and discretion, has risen to the highest office near the person of majesty."
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.
[The dates, as will be seen, are fixed on no scientific principal, but are taken as they severally occur in approved authors.]
OUTLINES OF TURKISH CHRONOLOGY.
| A.D. | ||
| I. | Tartar Empire of the Turks in the north and centre of Asia | 500-700 |
| II. | Their subjection, education, and silent growth, under the Saracens | 700-1000 |
| III. | Their Gaznevide Empire in Hindostan | 1000-1200 |
| IV. | Their Seljukian Empire in Persia and Asia Minor | 1048-1100 |
| V. | Decline of the Seljukians, yet continuous descent of their kindred tribes to the West | 1100-1300 |
| VI. | Their Ottoman Empire in Asia, Africa, and Europe, growing for 270 years | 1300-1571 |
| VII. | Their Ottoman Empire declining for 270 years | 1571-1841 |
CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS INTRODUCED INTO THE FOREGOING LECTURES.
| B.C. | |
| Semiramis lost in the Scythian desert p. [13] | — |
| The Scythians celebrated by Homer pp. [29], [39] | 900 |
| The Scythians occupy for twenty-eight years the Median kingdom in the time of Cyaxares pp. [15], [22] (Prideaux) | 633 |
| Cyrus loses his life in an expedition against the Scythian Massagetæ p. [14] (Clinton) | 529 |
| Darius invades Scythia north of the Danube, p. [16] (Clinton) | 508 |
| Zoroaster p. [66] (Prideaux) | 492 |
| Alexander's campaign in Sogdiana p. [18] (Clinton) | 329 |
| A.D. | |
| Ancient Empire of the Huns in further Asia ends; their consequent emigration westward p. [26] (Gibbon) | 100 |
| The White Huns of Sogdiana pp. [26], [34], [52], [60], [67] | after 100 |
| Main body of the Huns invade the Goths on the north of the Danube p. [22] (L'Art de vérifier les dates) | 376 |
| Attila and his Huns ravage the Roman Empire pp. [27], [28] | 441-452 |
| Mission of St. Leo to Attila pp. [29], [31] | 453 |
| Tartar Empire of the Turks pp. [49-52] (L'Art, etc., Gibbon), about | 500-700 |
| Chosroes the Second captures the Holy Cross p. [53] (L'Art, etc.) | 614 |
| Mahomet assumes the royal dignity. The Hegira p. [69] (L'Art) | 622 |
| The Turks from the Wolga settled by the Emperor Heraclius in Georgia against the Persians p. [53] (Gibbon) | 626 |
| The Turks invade Sogdiana p. [68] (Gibbon) | 626 |
| Heraclius recovers the Holy Cross p. [53] (L'Art, etc.) | 628 |
| Death of Mahomet p. [69] (L'Art) | 632 |
| Yezdegerde, last King of Persia, flying from the Saracens, is received and murdered by the Turks in Sogdiana p. [69] (Universal History) | 654 |
| The Saracens reduce the Turks in Sogdiana p. [70] (L'Art, and Univ. Hist.) | 705-716 |
| The Caliphate transferred from Damascus to Bagdad p. [76] (L'Art) | 762 |
| Harun al Raschid p. [77] (L'Art) | 786 |
| The Turks taken into the pay of the Caliphs p. [77] (L'Art) | 833, etc. |
| The Turks tyrannize over the Caliphs p. [79] (L'Art) | 862-870 |
| The Caliphs lose Sogdiana p. [80] (L'Art) | 873 |
| The Turkish dynasty of the Gaznevides in Khorasan and Sogdiana p. [80] (Dow) | 977 |
| Mahmood the Gaznevide pp. [80-84] (Dow) | 997 |
| Seljuk the Turk pp. [84-89] (Univ. Hist.) | 985 |
| The Seljukian Turks wrest Sogdiana and Khorasan from the Gaznevides p. [89] (Dow) | 1041 |
| Togrul Beg, the Seljukian, turns to the West pp. [89], [92] (Baronius) | 1048 |
| Sufferings of Christians on pilgrimage to Jerusalem pp. [98-101] (Baronius) | 1064 |
| Alp Arslan's victory over the Emperor Diogenes p. [93] (Baronius) | 1071 |
| St. Gregory the Seventh's letter against the Turks p. [98] (Sharon Turner) | 1074 |
| Jerusalem in possession of the Turks p. [98] (L'Art) | 1076 |
| Soliman, the Seljukian Sultan of Roum, establishes himself at Nicæa p. [131] (L'Art) | 1082 |
| The Council of Placentia under Urban the Second pp. [109], [137] (L'Art) | 1095 |
| The first Crusade p. [109] (L'Art) | 1097 |
| Conquests of Zingis Khan and the Moguls pp. [32-34] (L'Art) | 1176-1259 |
| Richard Cœur de Lion in Palestine p. [140] (L'Art) | 1190 |
| Institution of Mamlooks p. [217] | about 1200 |
| Constantinople taken by the Latins p. [139] (L'Art) | 1203 |
| Greek Empire of Nicæa p. [121] (L'Art) | 1206 |
| The Greek Emperor Vataces encourages agriculture in Asia | |
| Minor p. [121] (L'Art) | 1222-1255 |
| The Moguls subjugate Russia p. [225] (L'Art) | 1236 |
| Mission of St. Louis to the Moguls pp. [35-41] (L'Art) | 1253 |
| The Turks attack the north and west coast of Asia Minor p. [93] (Univ. Hist.) | 1266-1296 |
| Marco Polo p. [37] | 1270 |
| End of the Seljukian kingdom of Roum p. [132] (L'Art) | 1294 |
| Othman p. [132] | 1301 |
| The Popes retire to Avignon for seventy years p. [143] (L'Art) | 1305 |
| Orchan, successor to Othman, originates the institution of | |
| Janizaries p. [134] (L'Art) | 1326-1360 |
| Battle of Cressy p. [140] | 1346 |
| Battle of Poitiers, p. [140] | 1356 |
| Wicliffe, p. [139] | 1360 |
| Amurath institutes the Janizaries pp. [113], [215], [218] (Gibbon) | 1370 |
| Conquests of Timour p. [32] (L'Art) | 1370, etc. |
| Schismatical Pontiffs for thirty-eight years p. [143] (L'Art) | 1378-1417 |
| Battle of Nicopolis p. [146] (L'Art) | 1393 |
| Timour defeats and captures Bajazet p. [144] (L'Art) | 1402 |
| Timour at Samarcand pp. [38], [45] (L'Art) | 1404 |
| Timour dies on his Chinese expedition p. [46] | 1405 |
| Henry the Fourth of England dies, p. [141] | 1413 |
| Battle of Agincourt pp. [140], [145] | 1415 |
| Huss p. [140] | 1415 |
| Henry the Fifth of England dies p. [142] | 1422 |
| Maid of Orleans p. [141] | 1428 |
| Battle of Varna p. [147] (L'Art) | 1442 |
| Constantinople taken by the Ottomans p. [147] | 1453 |
| John Basilowich rescues Russia from the Moguls p. [47] (L'Art) | about 1480 |
| Luther p. [140] | 1517 |
| Soliman the Great pp. [148], [192] | 1520 |
| St. Pius the Fifth p. [153] | 1568 |
| Battle of Lepanto pp. [156], [189] | 1571 |