When the title of a nobleman is adopted for the entry in cases where he has written books before being raised to the peerage, it is essential that the reference from his former name be given, particularly if it differs from the title he has assumed, as
Lubbock, Sir John. See Avebury, Lord.
Mitford, A. B. Freeman. See Redesdale, Lord.
If the family name and the title are alike, or almost so, the reference is seldom necessary, as the two names come near together. Examples are:—
Courtney of Penwith, Lord (Leonard H. Courtney).
Morley of Blackburn, Lord (John Morley).
In the event of there being many entries under the names of Courtney and Morley, the references are required. In arranging these names for order they would, of course, precede those of commoners, irrespective of the alphabetical order of the secondary parts, that is to say "Courtney of Penwith, Lord," comes before, say, "Courtney, Abram."
As "exceptions which prove the rule," there are a few noblemen who are decidedly better known and are always referred to by their family names, of which two outstanding instances are Francis Bacon (Viscount St. Albans) and Horace Walpole (Earl of Orford).
The subject-entries for the three books given above are
| Napoleon I., Emperor: | |
| Rosebery, Earl of. Napoleon: the last phase. | |
| 1904 | 944.05 |
| Mar, The Earldom of. Crawford, Earl of. 2 v. | |
| 1882 | 923.2 |
Sculpture: | |
| Crawford, Earl of. The evolution of Italian | |
| sculpture. 1909 | 784 |
There is no occasion to distinguish between the Earls of Crawford in the sub-entries except in the very remote possibility of two of them having written on the same subject.