In none of these cases is it deemed necessary, at least in an average catalogue, to refer from the real name to the pseudonym, for the reason that not one person in a thousand would think of looking under the real names of these authors. In the catalogues of large and important libraries, particularly reference libraries, these references can be given, as a matter of course, according to the rules, otherwise there is the risk of the same author appearing in two places under different names. It is well, on principle, to take a rooted objection to this, though under special circumstances it is conceivable that it might be no great disadvantage. Take a modern instance

Danby, Frank. Pigs in clover.

which is by Julia Frankau, the author of two important books—one on colour prints and the other on the mezzotinto engraver, J. R. Smith—both published under her real name. These books are so far apart in character from her novels that both names might very well be used in the catalogue. In the classified catalogue the use of the two names would not matter, but in the dictionary catalogue it requires consideration. Again, there is little likelihood of these books all appearing in the same catalogue; the lending library would not have the books on prints, and the reference or other special library which might contain them would hardly have the novels. This illustration is named simply to show the consideration that can be given to a case of the kind. It does not really end here, because there is always the chance of the author writing more fiction under her real name. Remembering this, and the fact that she has already published books under her proper name, the reference becomes necessary for safety in the future. That is to say, for the novel the reference is given from Frankau to the pseudonym until the time comes to reverse the process.

There are several similar instances where the books, though widely differing in character, are none the less likely to appear in the same catalogue. The writings of the late Rev. John M. Watson may be cited as a case in point, those on religious subjects being published under his real name, and his stories under the pseudonym of "Ian Maclaren." A present-day example of the same thing is the book

Hannay, James O. The spirit and origin of
Christian monasticism. 1903271

which is by the same author who writes novels under the pseudonym of "George A. Birmingham." In the case of a library publishing a separate catalogue of fiction there can be no objection to following the course already recommended, by entering under the pseudonym

"Birmingham, George A." (Jas. O. Hannay).
The red hand of Ulster.

If there is no separate catalogue of fiction, the author's books must all be brought together, when it is inevitable that the real name, rather than the fictitious, be taken for all entries. Here arises the problem whether the pseudonym is to be attached to the entry for the book on monasticism or limited to the books written under the assumed name. It is helpful to mark the distinction in this way

Hannay, Jas. O. The spirit and origin of
Christian monasticism. 1903271
— ("Geo. A. Birmingham"). The red hand of
Ulster.

not overlooking the essential reference