Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe / From the Iron Period of the Northern Nations to the End of the Thirteenth Century

by John Hewitt

[INDEX.]

• Abbo, monk of St. Germain-des-Pres, his account of the siege of Paris in 886, p. [88].
• Advocati of the Church, Part ii. [165].
• Adze-axe, Part i. [45], [48].
• Aestii, [68].
• Agathias, [4], [5], [16].
• Ailettes, [245], [368];
• • various forms of, [250];
  • their purpose, [251];
  • enriched, [252];
  • of leather, [369].
• Ailettes figured, [247], [250], [254].
• Aketon, [129].
• Aldhelm, bishop of Sherborne, his enigma, "De Lorica," [62].
• Andegavi, [9].
• Anelace, [315].
• Anglo-Saxons, [9], [15], [17], [21], [65].
• Angon, [6], [25].
• Arabic Treatise on the Art of War in the thirteenth century, [329].
• Arbalest (see [Cross-bow]).
• Arbalestina, [204].
• Archers, Part ii. [100], [104], [105], [115], [157], [186], Pt. iii. [198], [224];
• • mounted, Pt. ii. [102], Pt. iii. [195];
  • of Anjou, [200];
  • placed at the wings, Pt. iii. [224];
  • intermixed with cavalry, [225].
• Arcubalestarii, [201].
• Armati, [197].
• Armour (see [Body-armour]).
• Arms, View of, Part iii. [211].
• Army forms barrier of carts and wagons, [225].
• Arrière-ban, Pt. ii. [98], [99], Pt. iii. [212].
• Arrows, Pt. i. [54], Pt. ii. [156], Pt. iii. [325];
• • poisoned, Pt. i. [54];
  • found in graves, Pt. i. [55];
  • tri-barbed, Pt. ii. [157];
  • within and without the Forest, [211], [212];
  • with phials of quick-lime attached, [325].
• Arrows figured, [56], [195], [199], [201].
• Artillerie, [203].
• Astrologers, Part ii. [118], Pt. iii. [227].
• Axe, Part i. [5], [12], [45], Pt. ii. [104], [153], Pt. iii. [213], [319];
• • of copper and iron, Pt. i. [45];
  • inscribed, Pt. i. [47];
  • handle of, Pt. i. [49];
  • handle of iron, Pt. i. [50];
  • Danish, Pt. i. [12], Pt. iii. [219], [320], [321];
  • carved on knightly tomb, [318];
  • double-axe (see [Bipennis]).
• Axes figured, [46], [205], [206].
• Bainbergæ, [244].
• Balista, Part i. [88], Pt. ii. [158], (see [Cross-bow]).
• Ban, Pt. i. [99].
• Banded-mail, [260];
• • effigies exhibiting it, [260] note, [267];
  • for horse-trappers, [267];
  • for elephant-trappers, [267].
• Banner, Pt. i. [95], Pt. ii. [165], Pt. iii. [334];
• • imperial, of the Eagle, [332];
  • of French king to be borne by the Chief Chamberlain, [334];
  • of St. Paul of London, [335];
  • of St. John of Beverley, [338].
• Bannerer of London in the thirteenth century, [334].
• Barbican, [355];
• • examples of, remaining in England, [360].
• Basques, [99], [219].
• Bassinet, [292], [367].
• Bâton, [131], [322].
• Battering-Ram, Pt. i. [88], Pt. ii. [178].
• Battle of the Casilin, [16];
• • of Hastings, [16], [19], [21], [55], [114];
  • of Stanford Bridge, [20];
  • of Cuton Moor, or of the Standard, [108];
  • of Bovines, [198], [343];
  • of Falkirk, [217];
  • of Lewes, [331];
  • of Nuova Croce, [342].
• Bayeux Tapestry, [93], [120].
• Beads, found in graves of Anglo-Saxon period, [39].
• Beáh, [10].
• Beard, its fashion, Pt. i. [21], Pt. ii. [149], Pt. iii. [300].
• Beffroi, [173], [354].
• Behourd, Pt. ii. [182], Pt. iii. [211].
• Bells used in tournament equipment, [369].
• Berefreid, [174].
• Bezanted armour, [255].
• Biblia, [352].
• Bidaux, Pt. iii. [196], [206].
• Biffa, [349].
• Bill, Pt. i. [57], [58], Pt. iii. [324].
• Bipennis, Pt. i. [5], [45], [48], Pt. ii. [154], Pt. iii. [320].
• Bisacuta, [155].
• Biturici, [9].
• Blazonæ, [369].
• Body-armour, Part i. [60], Pt. ii. [119], Pt. iii. [227];
• • at first used by chiefs only, [61];
  • of chain-mail, [61], [227], [233];
  • of jazerant, Pt. i. [64], Pt. ii. [111];
  • of hide, Pt. i. [64];
  • quilted, Pt. i. [64], Pt. ii. [134], Pt. iii. [229], [239];
  • of scale-work, Pt. i. [65], Pt. ii. [132], [133], Pt. iii. [255];
  • of leather, [132], [240];
  • of horn, [133];
  • studded, [134], [243], [255], [256];
  • of banded-mail, [260];
  • with breast and back-plates, [271].
• Body-guard, Pt. i. [10], Pt. ii. [100].
• Boots, [136].
• Bosses (see [Shields]).
• Bosses figured, [73], [75].
• Bovines, battle of, [198], [343].
• Bow (long-bow), Part i. [54], Pt. ii. [105], [156], [160], Pt. iii. [199], [211], [325];
• • found in graves, [57];
  • its superiority to the Cross-bow, [160].
• Bows figured, [195], [199], [201], [205], [206].
• Brabanters, [99].
• Brachières, [240], [369].
• Brasses, monumental, Pt. iii. [193], [195] note.
• Breast-plate, early example of, [271].
• Bretèche, [357] and note.
• Bridles, Pt. i. [79], Pt. ii. [171], Pt. iii. [341].
• Brigands, [196], [206].
• Bronze Period, [1].
• Bucula, [292].
• Burgundians, [9].
• Byrnie, Pt. i. [12], [61], Pt. ii. [109].
• Caerphilly Castle, xxv., [377].
• Caliburn, [152].
• Caltrops, [172].
• Canute, [10].
• Capitularies of Charlemagne, [8], [9], [14], [15], [54], [61].
• ------------ of Charles le Chauve, [8], [166].
• Captains of Bowmen, [214].
• Carcassone, Siege of, [355];
• • its present state, [360].
• Carda, a kind of cloth used in the fabrication of armour, [240], [368].
• Cargan, [241].
• Carrocio, Part i. [86], Pt. ii. [107], [165], Pt. iii. [331].
• Casilinus, battle of the, [16], [17].
• Casque normand, [130].
• Castle, Norman, xii., [189].
• ------- Edwardian, xxv., [377].
• Cat or Cattus, an engine for siege purposes, Part ii. [178], Pt. iii. [353], [361].
• Catapulta, [89].
• Ceorl, [10], [38].
• Cervellière, [292];
• • its invention, [293].
• Chain-mail, Part i. [61], Pt. ii. [130], Pt. iii. [227];
• • early fragment in British Museum, [63];
  • various modes of representing, [123], [270];
  • shewn of different colours, [270].
• Chanfrein, [348].
• Chantones, [292].
• Charge "en haie," [115], [223].
• Charlemagne, his armour, [8];
• • his sword and belt, [38];
  • (see [Capitularies]).
• Chastones, [347].
• Chat-Chastel, [355].
• Chausses, iron, [134];
• • studded, Pt. ii. [134], Pt. iii. [243], [255];
  • of chain-mail, [241];
  • of chain-mail, laced behind, [241];
  • of banded-mail, [242];
  • with poleyns, [242].
• Chausson, [242];
• • with knee-pieces, [243].
• Childebert I., [30], [47].
• --------- II., [18].
• Chinese armour, [120].
• ------- incendiary weapons, [331].
• Chivalry, [94], [97].
• Church, armed contingent of, [9].
• Circle, the ornament of the coif and hood of mail, Pt. iii. [235], [237].
• Clavones, [347].
• Clergy militant, Pt. i. [14], Pt. ii. [108], [113], [153], Pt. iii. [220].
• Clientes, [196], [208].
• Clovis, [9], [17].
• Club, [324].
• Code, military, Pt. ii. [103].
• Cœnomanici, [9].
• Coif of mail, continuous, Pt. ii. [130];
• • flat-topped, Pt. iii. [235];
  • rounded, [235];
  • how fastened, [235];
  • worn with or without other head-defence, [236];
  • under-coif, [238];
  • with, front of plate, [291].
• Coin, with figure of a Frankish warrior, [31].
• Collarium, Pt. iii. [234].
• Communal militia, Pt. i. [99], Pt. ii. [166], Pt. iii. [195].
• Connoissances, Pt. ii. [167], Pt. iii. [196].
• Constables, Pt. iii. [211];
• • of bowmen, Pt. iii. [214];
  • of cavalry, Pt. iii. [215].
• Contus, [155].
• Copita, [348].
• Coterelli, [99].
• Coudières, [234].
• Coustillers, [196], [204].
• Crest, fan, for helm, [142];
• • for knight, [347], [368];
  • for horse, [347], [368].
• Croc, [324].
• Cross-bow, Pt. ii. [158], Pt. iii. [325];
• • various kinds of, [326], [353].
• Cross-bows figured, [201], [205].
• Cross-bowmen, mounted, Pt. iii. [195], [202];
• • in thirteenth century, [201];
  • wearing armour, [204];
  • placed on the wings, [225].
• Cuirie, Pt. iii. [240], [368].
• Cultellus, Pt. ii. [154], Pt. iii. [210], [314].
• Cultellarius, [155].
• Culvertage, Pt. iii. [213] and note.
• Cuneus, Pt. i. [16], Pt. iii. [223].
• Cuton Moor, battle of, [108].
• Dagger, Pt. i. [7], [43], [51], Pt. ii. [110], [154], Pt. iii. [318];
• • of bronze and iron, Pt. i. [53];
  • inlaid, [53];
  • carved on knightly tomb, Pt. iii. [318];
  • at Durham, of the thirteenth century, [318].
• Daggers figured, [52], [244], [283].
• Dagger-sheath, Pt. i. [43], [53].
• Danes, Pt. i. [12].
• Danish axe, Pt. i. [12], Pt. iii. [219], [320].
• Destrier, Pt. iii. [197], [340].
• Divers employed against shipping, Pt. ii. [177].
• Duel, Legal, [375].
• Eagle, Imperial, [164], [332].
• Effigies, knightly, Pt. iii. [193];
• • works illustrative of, [194] note.
• Engines, military, Pt. i. [87], Pt. ii. [173], Pt. iii. [224], [348];
• • Arabic in thirteenth century, [329].
• Eorl, [9], [38].
• Espée à l'estoc, [314].
• Esquire, Pt. ii. [95], Pt. iii. [195].
• Espringale, Pt. iii. [224], [353].
• Exempts, [9].
• Exercises of military aspirants, Pt. i. [83], Pt. ii. [181], [185], [188].
• Falarica, [89].
• Falchion, Pt. iii. [312].
• --------- figured, [313].
• Falkirk, battle of, [217].
• Falx, faus, or falso, Pt. iii. [211], [323].
• Faussar, [324].
• Female warriors, Pt. i. [15].
• ------ spies, [209].
• Fetel, [10].
• Feudal levy, Pt. i. [95], Pt. ii. [103], Pt. iii. [195].
• Fitzstephen, his description of London games in the twelfth century, [185].
• Flag, lance, Pt. ii. [150], [167], [168], Pt. iii. [305], [338].
• Flags, Pt. i. [84], Pt. ii. [163], Pt. iii. [331].
• Flail, military, [327].
• Foot, knights contend as, Pt. ii. [116].
• Foot-troops, Pt. iii. [196], [197], [216];
• • ridden down by the knights of their own party, [203].
• Fork, military, Pt. i. [57].
• Formation of troops, Pt. i. [16], Pt. ii. [101], [108], [114], Pt. iii. [217], [223].
• Forts of wood, [180].
• Francisca, [45].
• Franks, [4], [9], [16], [53].
• Fraternitas armorum, [50] note.
• Frieslanders, Pt. iii. [219].
• Gambeson, Pt. ii. [111], [127], Pt. iii. [229], [239].
• Gauls, [9].
• Gauntlets of scale-work, [234].
• Gaveloches, [219].
• Geldon, [151].
• Gerefa, [15].
• Germans, Pt. i. [9], [16], [17], [31].
• Gesa, [106].
• Gibet, [153].
• Godbertum, [292].
• Godendac, [323].
• Godwin, Earl, his present to Hardecanute, [12].
• Gonfanon, Pt. ii. [103], [166].
• Graisle, [168].
• Greaves, Pt. iii. [244].
• Greek fire, Pt. i. [89], Pt. ii. [161], Pt. iii. [327];
• • Arabic treatise on, [329];
  • discharged in barrels, [351].
• Guisarme, Pt. i. [50], Pt. ii. [106], [155], Pt. iii. [211], [322].
• Gula, Laws of, [12].
• Gunpowder, [89].
• Gwentland, archers of, [105].
• Hair, how worn, Pt. ii. [148], Pt. iii. [301].
• Halbard, Pt. i. [11], Pt. iii. [323].
• Harold II., [18], [64].
• Harold Harfagar, [20].
• Hastiludes, [181].
• Hastings, battle of, [16], [19], [21], [55], [114].
• Hauberk, Pt. ii. [129], Pt. iii. [233];
• • with continuous coif, Pt. ii. [130], Pt. iii. [233];
  • short-sleeved, [131], [239];
  • long-sleeved, [131];
  • with fingered gloves, Pt. iii. [234];
  • with separate gauntlets, [234];
  • with coudières, [234].
• Haubergeon, Pt. ii. [131], Pt. iii. [239].
• Helm, flat-topped, [279], [346];
• • flat-topped, with moveable ventail, [281];
  • worn over the mail-coif, [281];
  • round-topped, [281];
  • of "sugar-loaf" form, [282];
  • of leather, [282], [368], [369];
  • secured by a chain, [285];
  • with fan-crest, [285];
  • with peacock plume, [286];
  • with horns, [289];
  • crowned, [289];
  • of Poitiers, [293].
• Helmets, Pt. i. [66], Pt. ii. [138], Pt. iii. [274];
• • combed, Pt. i. [67], Pt. ii. [140];
  • conical, Pt. i. [67], Pt. ii. [140], Pt. iii. [290];
  • Phrygian, Pt. i. [67], Pt. ii. [140];
  • round-topped, Pt. i. [67], Pt. ii. [140], Pt. iii. [290];
  • crested, Pt. i. [68], Pt. ii. [141], [142], Pt. iii. [285];
  • charmed, [68];
  • frame, Pt. i. [69], Pt. iii. [291];
  • of bronze, [71];
  • of bronze gilt, [71];
  • of wood, [71];
  • crowned, [72], [289];
  • nasal, Pt. i. [72], Pt. ii. [130], [138], Pt. iii. [291];
  • wide-rimmed, Pt. ii. [112], [141], Pt. iii. [290];
  • with cheek-pieces and neck-pieces, [139];
  • flat-topped, Pt. ii. [141], Pt. iii. [289];
  • with heraldic device, [142];
  • open-faced, [291].
• Hood of chain-mail, Pt. iii. [236];
• • flat-topped, [236];
  • round-topped, [236];
  • slipped off the head and resting on the shoulders, [237];
  • hood of cloth-like material, [237].
• Horns, Pt. ii. [169], Pt. iii. [338].
• Horse, buried in the grave of warrior, [80], [83] note;
• • spare in the field of battle, [116];
  • Spanish, Pt. ii. [173], Pt. iii. [339];
  • of William the Conqueror, [173];
  • with fan-crest, [286];
  • breeds of, [339];
  • horses of contending knights fight also, [340];
  • armed horses come into use in England, [344].
• Horse furniture, Pt. i. [79], Pt. ii. [169], Pt. iii. [340];
• • rich, [80], [340];
  • of chain-mail, Pt ii. [169], Pt. iii. [197], [335], [341], [343];
  • of cloth, [335];
  • of silk, [336];
  • quilted, [341], [343];
  • armoried, [341], [345], [347].
• Horse troops, Pt. i. [17], Pt. ii. [103], Pt. iii. [195].
• Hourds, [358] note.
• Hungarians, [13].
• Húscarlas, [10], [38].
• Icelanders, [11].
• Irish troops, Part ii. [103].
• Iron Period, [2].
• Italy, troops in, Pt. i. [12], Pt. iii. [195], [218].
• Javelin, Part i. [29], Pt. ii. [156], Pt. iii. [325].
• Jazerant armour, Pt. i. [64], Pt. ii. [111].
• Joust, [182].
• Jousts of Peace, [368].
• Knee-pieces, [243].
• Knife (see [Dagger]).
• Knight bachelor, [95].
• ------ banneret, [95].
• Knights, of low degree, [96];
• • tied to saddle, [172];
  • effeminate, [188];
  • perform every kind of military duty, [222];
  • equipment of in 1298, [292].
• Lance (see [Spear]).
• Legal Duel, [375].
• Leg-bands, Part i. [65], Pt. ii. [134].
• ---------- defences, [134].
• Levy, feudal, Pt. i. [95], Pt. ii. [103], Pt. iii. [195].
• Levy, general, Pt. i. [97].
• London pastimes in the twelfth century, [185].
• Mace, Pt. i. [57], Pt. ii. [153], Pt. iii. [321].
• Machicoulis, [357] note.
• Maître des Arbalestriers de France, [204].
• Mallet, [207].
• Mangona, Pt. i. [88], Pt. ii. [179], Pt. iii. [348].
• Mangonella, [179];
• • sea-mangonel, [325], [352];
  • Arabian, [330].
• Mantle, [133], [137].
• Manufacture of arms and armour, Pt. ii. [162], Pt. iii. [293], [316], [320].
• Massue, [324].
• Mate-Griffon, [176].
• Men-at-arms, Pt. ii. [103], Pt. iii. [197].
• Mercenary troops, Pt. i. [99], Pt. ii. [115].
• Mines, Pt. ii. [180];
• • defiances in, [181];
  • knightly vigils in, [181].
• Misericorde, [319].
• Monk of St. Gall, his description of the armour of Charlemagne, [8].
• Monument of victory in the Campagna di Roma, [361].
• Morning-star, [57], [58].
• Musculus, [88].
• Musical instruments, Pt. ii. [168], Pt. iii. [338].
• Mustilers, [367].
• Necromancers, [118].
• Normans, Pt. i. [17], Pt. ii. passim.
• Odo, bishop of Bayeux, his armour and arms, [113], [131].
• Omens consulted for military purposes, [17].
• Oriflamme, Pt. ii [165], Pt. iii. [333].
• Otho the Great, ceremonies at his coronation, [31].
• Panzar, Part i. [12], Pt. ii. [109].
• Pay of knights in the time of King John, [213];
• • of knights and others in the reign of Edward I., [214].
• Pennon, Pt. i. [95], Pt. ii. [103], [167], Pt. iii. [338].
• ------- of French King to be borne by the Chief Varlet Tranchant, [334].
• Petrary, Turkish, [356].
• Pictavi, [9].
• Pigacia, [137].
• Pike, Pt. i. [57], Pt. ii. [162].
• Pilete, [207], [342].
• Plastron-de-fer, [119].
• Plate-armour introduced, [227].
• Pluteus, [88].
• Poisoned weapons, Pt. i. [40], [54], [59].
• Poitrail, Pt. ii. [171], Pt. iii. [341].
• Pole-axe, Pt. i. [45], [48], Pt. iii. [322].
• Poleyns, [242], [243].
• Porchester Castle, xii., [189].
• Posse Comitatûs, [10], [97] (and see [Statutes of Arms]).
• Pourpoint, [210], [239].
• Pourpointers of Paris in the thirteenth century, [239].
• Prayer-book of Charles the Bald, [57].
• Procopius, [4].
• Prussians, [112].
• Quarrels or bolts of cross-bows, Pt. ii. [159], Pt. iii. [204], [326].
• -------- "empennés d'airain," [327].
• Quintain, water, Pt. ii. [186];
• • various kinds of, [187];
  • on Offham Green, Kent, [187];
  • at London in 1252, [374].
• Quiretta, [368].
• Quiver, Pt. i. [55], Pt. ii. [102], [158], Pt. iii. [325].
• Races, migrations of, [1].
• Relics, Saintly, in request for warlike purposes, [17].
• Ribauds, Pt. iii. [196], [206], [228];
• • Roi des Ribauds, [208].
• Richard Cœur-de-Lion an archer, [157].
• Roi des Hérauts, [367].
• Roman influences, [7], [88], [89].
• Round-table Game, [306], [370];
• • at Wallenden, [371];
  • at Kenilworth, [372];
  • Round Table of King Arthur at Winchester, [372].
• Rutarii, [99].
• Sabre, curved, Pt. iii. [314].
• Saddle, Part i. [79], [81], Pt. ii. [169], Pt. iii. [340].
• Saddle-cloth, [170];
• • armoried, [336], [340].
• Saintly aid in battle, [117].
• Saracens, [13].
• Saracenic wall, [357].
• Satellites, [196], [209].
• Saxon Chronicle, [11], [14], [76].
• Scale armour, Pt. i. [65], Pt. ii. [132], [133], Pt. iii. [234], [255].
• Scandinavians, Pt. i. [12], Pt. ii. [109].
• Scottish troops, Pt. ii. [106], Pt. iii. [217].
• Scramasaxi, [60].
• Scutage, [99].
• Sea-fights, [362];
• • sea-mangonels, [325], [352].
• Seals, their use in the study of ancient costume, [93];
• • various modes of expressing armour upon them, [122].
• Seal of William the Conqueror, [92], [142];
• • of William Rufus, [102], [123];
  • of Henry I., [119];
  • of Alexander I., king of Scotland, [106];
  • of King Stephen, [122], [126], [145];
  • of Henry II., [151], [170];
  • of Conan, duke of Britanny, [140];
  • of Richard Cœur-de-Lion, [123], [140], [141], [142], [146];
  • of King John, [228], [289], [290];
  • of Saer de Quinci, [345];
  • of Alexander II. of Scotland, [147], [340];
  • of King Henry III., [298], [308];
  • of Roger de Quinci, [345];
  • of Hugo de Vere, [345];
  • of King Edward I., [339], [345];
  • of Robert Fitz Walter, [336], [340].
• Seals figured:—of William I., [92];
• • of William II., [102];
  • of Henry I., [119];
  • of Alexander I. of Scotland, [107];
  • of Stephen, [122], [144];
  • of Henry II., [151], [170];
  • of Conan, duke of Britanny, [140];
  • of Richard I., [frontispiece];
  • of John, [228];
  • of Henry III., [299], [307];
  • of Roger de Quinci, [346];
  • of Edward I., [339].
• Seax, [34], [35].
• Sergens-d'armes, Pt. ii. [100], Pt. iii. [196], [198].
• ------- de pied, [196], [197].
• Shields, Pt. i. [72], Pt. ii. [143], Pt. iii. [293];
• • bosses of, Pt. i. [72], [78], Pt. ii. [143], [144], Pt. iii. [295];
  • handle, [72];
  • reinforced with iron strips, [74];
  • of Anglo-Saxon period, usually of lime-wood, [74];
  • partly of leather, [76];
  • rim of metal, [76], [111];
  • round, Pt. i. [72], Pt. ii. [111], [143], [145], Pt. iii. [294], [318];
  • oval, [76];
  • painted and gilt, [76], [146];
  • carried at back, [77], [146];
  • large, [77];
  • bronze coatings of, [78];
  • Danish, [78];
  • guige, Pt. i. [79], Pt. ii. [146], Pt. iii. [295];
  • position in the graves, [79];
  • kite-shaped, Pt. ii. [143], Pt. iii. [294];
  • triangular, Pt. ii. [143], Pt. iii. [294];
  • enarmes, [145], [295];
  • heraldic, Pt. ii. [146], Pt. iii. [296];
  • rich, [78], [147];
  • used for bier of slain knight, [147];
  • heart-shaped, Pt. iii. [294];
  • pear-shaped, [294];
  • quadrangular, [295];
  • rounded below, [295];
  • materials of, in thirteenth century, [295];
  • with "pattern" ornaments, [297];
  • slung at hip, [297];
  • hung on room walls, [297];
  • hung up in churches as memorials of distinguished knights, [297];
  • carved on knightly tomb, [318].
• Shields figured: frontispiece, Part i. [60], [64], [65], [67], [77], Pt. ii. [92], [102], [119], [122], [127], [129], [135], [136], [140], [144], [151], [170], Pt. iii. [228], [230], [232], [237], [243], [244], [250], [275], [283], [285], [287], [296], [299], [303], [313], [339], [346].
• Ships, Pt. i. [11], [90], Pt. ii. [110], [147], [173], [178], Pt. iii. [362].
• Sica, [35].
• Sidonius Apollinaris, [4], [34].
• Siege of Paris in 886, [88];
• • of Jerusalem in 1099, [173];
  • of Crema in 1160, [176], [181];
  • of Ancona in 1174, [177];
  • of Messina in 1190, [178];
  • of Acre, in 1191, [180];
  • of Bedford castle in 1224, [360];
  • of Carcassone in 1240, [355];
  • of the Castle of Capaccio in 1246, [350].
• Sigeward, duke of Northumberland, his death, [66].
• Skating tilt, [187].
• Sling, Pt. i. [57], [58], Pt. ii. [156], Pt. iii. [204], [327];
• • sling-stones, [59];
  • staff-sling, [206], [327].
• Slings figured, Pt. i. [59], Pt. ii. [135], Pt. iii. [205], [206].
• Soket, [306].
• Song, war, [20].
• Soudoyers, [208].
• Sow, an engine for sieges, [174].
• Spears, Pt. i. [21], Pt. ii. [150], Pt. iii. [301].
• ------- figured, Pt. i. [22], [23], [64], [65], [66], [67], [77], [90], Pt. ii. [92], [102], [107], [119], [122], [127], [129], [133], [135], [136], [137], Pt. iii. [237], [243], [244], [250], [254], [303].
• Spear, shaft of, [27], [150];
• • shoe of, [29];
  • represented on knightly tomb, [305], [318];
  • for hastiludes, [306].
• Spies, [209].
• Spingarda, [353].
• Spingardella, [353].
• Spurs, Pt. i. [81], Pt. ii. [171], Pt. iii. [298];
• • on left heel only, [82];
  • rowelled, [298];
  • enriched, [300];
  • suspended in churches as trophies, [300].
• Standards, Pt. i. [84], Pt. ii. [163], Pt. iii. [331];
• • Danish, [84];
  • Anglo-Saxon, [85];
  • Dragon, [85], [164], [331],
  • or Carrocium, Pt. i. [86], Pt. ii. [107], [165], Pt. iii. [331];
  • of William the Conqueror, [163];
  • of the emperor Otho, [164];
  • of Philip Augustus, [302], [334];
  • French Royal Standard, [334].
• Standard, battle of the, [107].
• Stanford Bridge, battle of, [20].
• Statute-of-Arms of William of Scotland, [50];
• • of Henry II. in 1181, [97];
  • of Frejus in 1233, [230], [241];
  • of Henry III. in 1252, [210];
  • of Winchester in 1285, [199], [210];
  • of Edward I. in 1298, [344].
• Steallera, [11].
• Steel, hardening of in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, [163].
• Stone-hammer, [57], [58].
• Stone Period, [1].
• Stones used as weapons, [162].
• Stratagems, [116], [225].
• Studded armour, [134], [243], [255];
• • of several kinds, [256].
• Sudis, [155].
• Surcoat, military, Pt. ii. [111], [126], Pt. iii. [271];
• • its use, [271];
  • short and long worn throughout the thirteenth century, [272];
  • armoried, [272];
  • its purpose, [273];
  • powdered with escutcheons, [273];
  • sleeved, [274];
  • of Sindon silk, [369];
  • of Carda, [369].
• Swords, Pt. i. [31], Pt. ii. [151], Pt. iii. [307];
• • rich, [37], [309];
  • of Charlemagne, [38];
  • inscribed, [39];
  • inlaid, [40];
  • named, [40], [152];
  • poisoned, [40];
  • bent, found in graves, [42];
  • of William the Conqueror, [152];
  • manner of furbishing, [153];
  • Hungarian, [163];
  • worn at the right side, [311];
  • of King Henry III., [311];
  • German and French in the thirteenth century, [311];
  • curved sabre, [314];
  • stabbing, [314];
  • of Cologne, [316];
  • sword and buckler fight, [316];
  • sword carved on knightly tomb, [317], [318];
  • made of whalebone, [368], [370].
• Swords figured: frontispiece, Pt. i. [32], [33], [60], [67], Pt. ii. [130], [132], [135], [136], [140], [144], [151], [170], Pt. iii. [192], [199], [228], [230], [237], [238], [243], [247], [254], [257], [261], [268], [275], [283], [285], [287], [296], [299], [303], [313], [339], [346].
• Sword-belts, [44], [152], [309].
• ----- cross-piece, [34], [151], [308].
• ----- handle, [35], [308].
• ----- sheath, [42], [309];
• • worn beneath hauberk, [130].
• Tacitus, [7], [11], [16], [88].
• Tactics, Pt. i. [16], Pt. ii. [108], [114], Pt. iii. [222].
• Taper-axe, [45], [47].
• Tartars, [172].
• Tela nodosa, [106].
• Tents, [362].
• Tenures by various military services: at Riddesdale, Northumberland, [152];
• • at Faintree, Salop, [200];
  • at Chetton, Salop, [201];
  • by Castle-guard, at Portsmouth, [239];
  • at Sockburn, Durham, [313];
  • at Plumpton, Warwickshire, [321];
  • at Baynard's Castle, London, [334].
• Terebra, [89].
• Testaræ, [348].
• Testudo, [88].
• Time of military service, [9], [96].
• Tournament, Pt. ii. [182], Pt. iii. [362];
• • near St. Edmundsbury, [183];
  • restricted to five localities in England, [184];
  • in France under Philippe Auguste, [184];
  • armour not different from that worn in battle, [185];
  • writers on the subject, [185] note;
  • forbidden, [211], [364];
  • tumultuous at Rochester in 1251, [363];
  • of Châlons in 1274, [363];
  • Statute, circa 1295, [366];
  • of Windsor Park, [366], [368].
• Tourney, [182].
• Tours, for bending cross-bows, [353].
• Towers, Moveable, employed in sieges, Pt. i. [89], Pt. ii. [173], [174], Pt. iii. [354], [361].
• Trébuchet, four kinds of in the thirteenth century, [349];
• • named, [351];
  • reproduced at Vincennes in 1850, [351];
  • projectiles of, [351].
• Trialemellum, [324].
• Tribulus, [200] (and see [Caltrop]).
• Tripantum, [349].
• Trumpet, [169], [338].
• Trumulières, [292].
• Tunic, [111], [126], [229].
• Uniform costume not in vogue, [228];
• • but adopted on particular occasions, [229].
• Urns, funereal, containing weapons, [30], [42].
• Varlets, [196].
• Vegecius, [30].
• Vinea, Pt. ii. [173], [174], [178], Pt. iii. [354].
• Vireton, [160].
• Vomerulus, [306].
• Wace, the particular value of his chronicle to the student of ancient usages, [94].
• Wager of battle, [375].
• Wams, Wambasium (see [Gambeson]).
• War-cries, Pt. i. [20], Pt. ii. [117].
• Watch: armed Town-watch, temp. Hen. III., [215];
• • Watch of Paris under St. Louis, [216].
• Weapons, Pt. i. [21], Pt. ii. [150], Pt. iii. [301];
• • of peasants, [161], [315].
• Weapon-smiths, [31], [41], [42].
• Weland, [41].
• Welsh troops, Pt. ii. [104], Pt. iii. [218].
• William the Conqueror, his armour, [92], [131];
• • his horse, [173].
• Wire-drawing, when invented, [227].

---

[FOOTNOTES:]

[1] Chaucer, Reve's Tale.

[2] Plates xxxi. and xxxvii.

[3] De Bello Goth., lib. ii. c. 25.