[303] Blount's Ancient Tenures.
[304] Rot. Pat. 55.
[305] "Culvertage means in plain English the penalty of being a turn-tail. The culprit was liable by law to the forfeiture of all property, and perpetual servitude." Lingard, Hist, of Eng. See also Ducange, v. Culvertagium.
[306] New Rymer, 444. See also Hallam's Middle Ages, vol. i. p. 170. ed. 1855.
[307] M. Paris. Additamenta.
[308] Ibid., p. 1145.
[309] Page 568.
[310] This circular formation, however, was no new invention. We have it in Cæsar: "Quum illi, orbe facto, sese defenderent, celeriter ad clamorem hominum circiter millia VI. convenerunt." Bell. Gall., L. 4.
[311] Fordun, xi. 34; Hemingford, [59]-165; Walsingham, [75].
[312] p. 631.