[985] Mediæval Military Architecture, ii. 421, 422.

[986] William Rufus, i. 53, 54.

[987] "Egregia turris" is the expression of Gervase (Actus Pontificum).

[988] The "castrum lapideum" (compare the three "castra lapidea" erected for the blockade of Montreuil in 1149) is so styled to distinguish it from the "castrum ligneum," which occurs so often, and which Mr. Freeman so persistently renders "tower."

[989] Mediæval Military Architecture, ii. 419.

[990] Journ. Brit. Arch. Ass., xxxi., 471, 472.

[991] Both writers, also, mistake a general exemption from the trinoda necessitas for a special allusion to Rochester keep.

[992] Mediæval Military Architecture, ii. 421.

[993] Mr. J. R. Boyle has shown that nearly £1000 was spent upon it between 1172 and 1177, when it was, therefore, in course of erection.

[994] Mediæval Military Architecture, i. 186.