CONTENTS.

CHAPTER PAGE
I.[Introduction]1
II.[Birds-eye View]10
III.[Theory of National Experience]21
IV.[New Harmony]30
V.[Inquest on New Harmony]44
VI.[Yellow Springs Community]59
VII.[Nashoba]66
VIII.[Seven Epitaphs]73
IX.[Owen's General Career]81
X.[Connecting Links]93
XI.[Channing's Brook Farm]102
XII.[Hopedale]119
XIII.[The Religious Communities]133
XIV.[The Northampton Association]154
XV.[The Skaneateles Community]161
XVI.[Social Architects]181
XVII.[Fundamentals of Socialism]193
XVIII.[Literature of Fourierism]200
XIX.[The Personnel of Fourierism]211
XX.[The Sylvania Association]233
XXI.[Other Pennsylvania Experiments]251
XXII.[The Volcanic District]267
XXIII.[The Clarkson Phalanx]278
XXIV.[The Sodus Bay Phalanx]286
XXV.[Other New York Experiments]296
XXVI.[The Marlboro Association]309
XXVII.[Prairie Home Community]316
XXVIII.[The Trumbull Phalanx]328
XXIX.[The Ohio Phalanx]354
XXX.[The Clermont Phalanx]366
XXXI.[The Integral Phalanx]377
XXXII.[The Alphadelphia Phalanx]388
XXXIII.[La Grange Phalanx]397
XXXIV.[Other Western Experiments]404
XXXV.[The Wisconsin Phalanx]411
XXXVI.[The North American Phalanx]449
XXXVII.[Life at The North American]468
XXXVIII.[End of the North American]487
XXXIX.[Conversion of Brook Farm]512
XL.[Brook Farm and Fourierism]529
XLI.[Brook Farm and Swedenborgianism]537
XLII.[The End of Brook Farm]551
XLIII.[The Spiritualist Communities]564
XLIV.[The Brocton Community]577
XLV.[The Shakers]595
XLVI.[The Oneida Community]614
XLVII.[Review and Results]646
XLVIII.[Two Schools of Socialism]658


AMERICAN SOCIALISMS.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.[ToC]

Many years ago, when a branch of the Oneida Community lived at Willow Place in Brooklyn, near New York, a sombre pilgrim called there one day, asking for rest and conversation. His business proved to be the collecting of memoirs of socialistic experiments. We treated him hospitably, and gave him the information he sought about our Community. He repeated his visit several times in the course of some following years, and finally seemed to take a very friendly interest in our experiment. Thus we became acquainted with him, and also in a measure with the work he had undertaken, which was nothing less than a history of all the Associations and Communities that have lived and died in this country, within the last thirty or forty years.

This man's name was A.J. Macdonald. We remember that he was a person of small stature, with black hair and sharp eyes. He had a benevolent air, but seemed a little sad. We imagined that the sad scenes he had encountered while looking after the stories of so many short-lived Communities, had given him a tinge of melancholy. He was indeed the "Old Mortality" of Socialism, wandering from grave to grave, patiently deciphering the epitaphs of defunct "Phalanxes." We learned from him that he was a Scotchman by birth, and a printer by trade; that he was an admirer and disciple of Owen, and came from the "old country" some ten years before, partly to see and follow the fortunes of his master's experiments in Socialism: but finding Owenism in ruins and Fourierism going to ruin, he took upon himself the task of making a book, that should give future generations the benefit of the lessons taught by these attempts and failures.