[TABLE OF CONTENTS.]

PAGE
Introductory Remarks[1]
Determination of Fossil Plants[3]
Mode of Preservation of Fossil Plants[8]
Examination of the Structure of Fossil Plants[12]
Fossiliferous Rocks[20]
Natural Orders to which Fossil Plants belong[22]
Periods of Vegetation among Fossil Plants[25]
Fossil Flora of the Primary or Palæzoic Period[26]
Reign of Acrogens[26]
Flora of the Carboniferous Epoch[36]
Flora of the Permian Epoch[71]
Fossil Flora of the Secondary or Mesozoic Period[72]
Reign of Gymnosperms[72]
Flora of the Trias and Lias Epochs[77]
Flora of the Oolitic Epoch[80]
Flora of the Wealden Epoch[84]
Fossil Flora of the Tertiary or Cainozoic Period (including the Cretaceous Epoch)[87]
Reign of Angiosperms[87]
Flora of the Chalk[87]
Flora of the Eocene Epoch[90]
Flora of the Miocene Epoch[92]
Flora of the Pliocene Epoch[98]
General Conclusions[101]
Recapitulation[103]
Works on Fossil Botany[105]
Explanation of Plates[111]
Index[113]

[LIST OF WOODCUTS.]

Fig.Page
1.Section of Peuce Withami, Lindley and Hutton[3]
2.Bark of Araucaria[5]
3.Markings on Araucaria bark[6]
4.""[7]
5.""[7]
6.Leaf of Araucaria[7]
7.Nicolia Owenii (Carr.)[11]
8.Bryson's instrument for slitting Fossils[14]
9.Tree-fern[27]
10.Asplenium[28]
11 a. Bifurcating Trunk of a Tree-fern (Alsophila Perrottetiana)[29]
11 b. Rhizome of Lastrea Filix-mas[29]
12.Transverse section of stem of a Tree-fern (Cyathea)[29]
13.Scalariform vessels from Tree-fern[30]
14.Sporangia of a Fern[30]
15.Lycopodium clavatum[30]
16.Spore-case, containing Microspores of Lycopodium[30]
17.""Macrospores of Selaginella[30]
18.Fructification of Equisetum maximum[31]
19.Polygonal scale of Equisetum[32]
20.Spore of Equisetum—filaments contracted[32]
21."""expanded[32]
22.Marsilea Fabri[33]
22 bis. Adiantites Lindseæformis[41]
23.Pecopteris (Alethopteris) aquiline[43]
24."(Alethopteris) heterophylla[43]
25.Neuropteris Loshii[43]
26."gigantean[43]
27."acuminate[43]
28.Sphenopteris affinis[43]
29.Cyclopteris dilatata[43]
30.Stem of Caulopteris macrodiscus[44]
31.""Balfouri (Carr.)[44]
32.""Morrisi (Carr.)[44]
33."Sigillaria pachyderma[45]
34.Sigillaria reniformis[45]
35."pachyderma[46]
36."(Favularia) tessellate[46]
37."pachyderma[46]
38.Stigmaria ficoides[47]
39.""(S. anabathra of Corda)[47]
40.Bifurcating stem of Lepidodendron obovatum (elegans)[49]
41.Stem of Lepidodendron crenatum[49]
42.Fructification of Lepidodendron[50]
43.Longitudinal section of Fructification of Triplosporites[50]
44.(1). Fruit of Selaginella spinulosa, A. Braun (Lycopodium selaginoides, Linn.)[51]
(2). Scale and sporangium from the upper part of cone[51]
(3). Antheridian microspores from ditto[51]
(4). Macrospore[51]
(5). Scale and sporangium from lower part of cone, containing macrospores[51]
(6). Fruit of Lepidostrobus ornatus (Hooker)[51]
(7). Three scales and sporangia of ditto[51]
(8). Microspores from sporangia of the upper part of the cone of Triplosporites Brownii, Brongn.[51]
(9). Macrospore from the sporangia of the lower part[51]
(10). Scales and sporangia of a cone of Flemingites[51]
45 a. Calamites Suckovii[57]
45 b. Septum or Phragma of a Calamite[57]
46.Vertical stems of Calamites—in coal-measures of Treuil, near St. Etienne[58]
47.Fruits of Equisetum and Calamites[60]
(1). Equisetum arvense, L.[60]
(2). Portion of sporangium wall[60]
(3, 4). Spores—elaters free[60]
(5). Longitudinal section of part of one side of cone[60]
(6). Transverse section of cone[60]
(7). Calamites (Volkmannia) Binneyi (Carr.)[60]
(8). Portion of sporangium wall[60]
(9). Two spores[60]
(10). Longitudinal section of part of one side of cone[60]
(11). Transverse section of cone[60]
48.Foliage and fruits of Calamites[62]
(1, 2). Asterophyllites[62]
(3, 4). Annularia[62]
(5, 6). Sphenophyllum[62]
49.Araucarioxylon Withami, Krauss (Pinites Withami)[63]
50.Trigonocarpum olivæforme[63]
51.Cardiocarpum Lindleyi (Carr.)[65]
52.""[65]
53.Cardiocarpum anomalum (Carr.)[66]
54.Pothocites Grantoni (Paterson)[67]
55, 56. Walchia piniformis (Sternb.)[72]
57.Pinus sylvestris[73]
58.Abies excelsa[73]
59.Larix Europæa[73]
60.Cedrus Libani[73]
61.Araucaria excelsa[74]
62.Woody tubes of fir—single rows of discs[74]
63."" —double and opposite rows of discs[74]
64.Woody tubes of Araucaria excelsa—double and triple and alternate rows of discs[74]
65.Longitudinal section of stem of a Gymnosperm[74]
66.Linear leaves of Pinus Strobus[75]
67.Cone of Pinus sylvestris[75]
68."Cupressus sempervirens[75]
69.Scale of mature cone of Pinus sylvestris[75]
70.Fruiting branch of Juniperus communis[76]
71.Branch of Taxus baccata[76]
72.Male flower of Yew[76]
73.Fruit of Yew[76]
74.Cycas revoluta[77]
75.Encephalartos (Zamia) pungens[77]
76.Schizoneura heterophylla[78]
77.Zamites[79]
78.Pterophyllum Pleiningerii[80]
79.Nilssonia compta (Pterophyllum comptum of Lindley and Hutton)[80]
80.Palæozamia pectinata (Zamia pectinata of Brongniart, and Lindley and Hutton)[80]
81.Brachyphyllum mammillare[81]
82.Equisetum columnare[81]
83.Araucarites sphærocarpus (Carr.)[82]
84.Termination of a scale of ditto[82]
85.Section of a scale of ditto[82]
86.The Dirt-bed of the island of Portland[83]
87.Cycadoidea megalophylla (Mantellia nidiformis of Brongniart)[83]
88.Kaidacarpum ooliticum (Carr.)[84]
89.Pandanus odoratissimus[84]
90.Fossil wood, Abietites Linkii[85]
91.Sequoiites ovalis[88]
92.Pinites ovatus (Zamia ovata of Lindley and Hutton)[89]
93.Palmacites Lamanonis[90]
95.Comptonia acutiloba[92]
96.Acer trilobatum[93]
97.Ulmus Bronnii[93]
98.Rhamnus Aizoon[94]
99.Alnus gracilis[95]
100.Taxites or Taxodites Campbellii[95]
101.Rhamnites multinervatus[95]
102.Equisetum Campbellii[96]