The Leardo Map of the World, 1452 or 1453 / In the Collections of the American Geographical Society

by John Kirtland Wright

15 cast. | ra.(?): ?Castrama, CA; Castrema, CE;=Kostroma (Hamy, 395).

16 ezina(?): ?duplicate of [18].

17 alla ... (?): ?Allania, N of Black Sea, CA;=country of the Alans (Hallb., 13, 14). See also [604].

18 etzi|na: Polo (i, 223-225); Cordier (Ser M. P., 53-55) places Polo’s Etzina in SW Mongolia, “on the river Hei-shui, called Etsina [=Etsin Gol] by the Mongols.” See also [16].

(B) Between the Rivers Ras, Rumus, and Tanai

19 trachia: Torachi, CA;=Torjok (Hamy, 395).

20 tufer: Tifer, CA;=Tver, capital of an important Russian principality and seat of a bishop in the Middle Ages.

21 botnia(?):=?Bothnia; ?duplicate of [608].

22 zitere|ae(?): ?[Ar]çetreca, Vat.;=Astrakhan (Pullé, Vat., 8).

23 racoba(?): =?