Archestrătus, a tragic poet, whose pieces were acted during the Peloponnesian war. Plutarch, Aristotle.——A man so small and lean, that he could be placed in a dish without filling it, though it contained no more than an obolus.——A follower of Epicurus, who wrote a poem in commendation of gluttony.
Archetīmus, the first philosophical writer in the age of the seven wise men of Greece. Diogenes Laërtius.
Archetius, a Rutulian, killed by the Trojans. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 459.
Archia, one of the Oceanides, wife to Inachus. Hyginus, fable 143.
Archias, a Corinthian descended from Hercules. He founded Syracuse, B.C. 732. Being told by an oracle to make choice of health or riches, he chose the latter. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 2.——A poet of Antioch, intimate with the Luculli. He obtained the rank and name of a Roman citizen by the means of Cicero, who defended him in an elegant oration, when his enemies had disputed his privileges of citizen of Rome. He wrote a poem on the Cimbrian war and began another concerning Cicero’s consulship, which are now lost. Some of his epigrams are preserved in the Anthologia. Cicero, For Archias.——A polemarch of Thebes, assassinated in the conspiracy of Pelopidas, which he could have prevented, if he had not deferred to the morrow the reading of a letter which he had received from Archias the Athenian high priest, and which gave him information of his danger. Plutarch, Pelopidas.——A high priest of Athens, contemporary and intimate with the polemarch of the same name. Plutarch, Pelopidas.——A Theban taken in the act of adultery, and punished according to the law, and tied to a post in the public place, for which punishment he abolished the oligarchy. Aristotle.
Archibiădes, a philosopher of Athens, who affected the manners of the Spartans, and was very inimical to the views and measures of Phocion. Plutarch, Phocion.——An ambassador of Byzantium, &c. Polyænus, bk. 4, ch. 44.
Archibius, the son of the geographer Ptolemy.
Archidamia, a priestess of Ceres, who, on account of her affection for Aristomenes, restored him to liberty when he had been taken prisoner by her female attendants at the celebration of their festivals. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 17.——A daughter of Cleadas, who upon hearing that her countrymen the Spartans were debating whether they should send away their women to Crete against the hostile approach of Pyrrhus, seized a sword, and ran to the senate house, exclaiming that the women were as able to fight as the men. Upon this the decree was repealed. Plutarch, Pyrrhus.—Polyænus, bk. 8, ch. 8.
Archidāmus, son of Theopompus king of Sparta, died before his father. Pausanias.——Another, king of Sparta, son of Anaxidamus, succeeded by Agasicles.——Another, son of Agesilaus of the family of the Proclidæ.——Another, grandson of Leotychidas by his son Zeuxidamus. He succeeded his grandfather, and reigned in conjunction with Plistoanax. He conquered the Argives and Arcadians, and privately assisted the Phocians in plundering the temple of Delphi. He was called to the aid of Tarentum against the Romans, and killed there in a battle, after a reign of 33 years. Diodorus, bk. 16.—Xenophon.——Another, son of Eudamidas.——Another, who conquered the Helots, after a violent earthquake. Diodorus, bk. 11.——A son of Agesilaus, who led the Spartan auxiliaries to Cleombrotus at the battle of Leuctra, and was killed in a battle against the Lucanians. B.C. 338.——A son of Xenius Theopompus. Pausanias.
Archidas, a tyrant of Athens, killed by his troops.