Ariāni and Ariēni, a people of Asia. Dionysius Periegetes, li. 714.
Ariantas, a king of Scythia, who yearly ordered every one of his subjects to present him with an arrow. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 81.
Ariamnes, a king of Cappadocia, son of Ariarathes III.
Ariarāthes, a king of Cappadocia, who joined Darius Ochus in his expedition against Egypt, where he acquired much glory.——His nephew, the second of that name, defended his kingdom against Perdiccas the general of Alexander, but he was defeated and hung on a cross in the 81st year of his age, 321 B.C.——His son Ariarathes III. escaped the massacre which attended his father and his followers; and after the death of Perdiccas, he recovered Cappadocia, by conquering Amyntas the Macedonian general. He was succeeded by his son Ariamnes.——Ariarathes IV. succeeded his father Ariamnes, and married Stratonice daughter of Antiochus Theos. He died after a reign of 28 years, B.C. 220, and was succeeded by his son Ariarathes V., a prince who married Antiochia the daughter of king Antiochus, whom he assisted against the Romans. Antiochus being defeated, Ariarathes saved his kingdom from invasion by paying the Romans a large sum of money remitted at the instance of the king of Pergamus.——His son, the sixth of that name, called Philopater, from his piety, succeeded him 166 B.C. An alliance with the Romans shielded him against the false claims that were laid to his crown by one of the favourites of Demetrius king of Syria. He was maintained on his throne by Attalus, and assisted his friends of Rome against Aristonicus the usurper of Pergamus; but he was killed in the war, B.C. 130, leaving six children, five of whom were murdered by his surviving wife Laodice.——The only one who escaped, Ariarathes VII., was proclaimed king, and soon after married Laodice the sister of Mithridates Eupator, by whom he had two sons. He was murdered by an illegitimate brother, upon which his widow Laodice gave herself and kingdom to Nicomedes king of Bithynia. Mithridates made war against the new king, and raised his nephew to the throne. The young king, who was the eighth of the name of Ariarathes, made war against the tyrannical Mithridates, by whom he was assassinated in the presence of both armies, and the murderer’s son, a child eight years old, was placed on the vacant throne. The Cappadocians revolted, and made the late monarch’s brother, Ariarathes IX., king; but Mithridates expelled him, and restored his own son. The exiled prince died of a broken heart, and Nicomedes of Bithynia, dreading the power of the tyrant, interested the Romans in the affairs of Cappadocia. The arbiters wished to make the country free; but the Cappadocians demanded a king, and received Ariobarzanes, B.C. 91. On the death of Ariobarzanes, his brother ascended the throne, under the name of Ariarathes X.; but his title was disputed by Sisenna, the eldest son of Glaphyra by Arthelaus priest of Comana. Marcus Antony, who was umpire between the contending parties, decided in favour of Sisenna; but Ariarathes recovered it for a while, though he was soon after obliged to yield in favour of Archelaus, the second son of Glaphyra, B.C. 36. Diodorus, bk. 18.—Justin, bks. 13 & 29.—Strabo, bk. 12.
Aribbæus, a general mentioned by Polyænus, bk. 7, ch. 29.
Arīcia, an Athenian princess, niece to Ægeus, whom Hippolytus married after he had been raised from the dead by Æsculapius. He built a city in Italy, which he called by her name. He had a son by her called Virbius. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 544.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 762, &c.——A very ancient town of Italy, now Riccia, built by Hippolytus son of Theseus, after he had been raised from the dead by Æsculapius, and transported into Italy by Diana. In a grove in the neighbourhood of Aricia, Theseus built a temple to Diana, where he established the same rites as were in the temple of that goddess in Tauris. The priest of this temple, called Rex, was always a fugitive, and the murderer of his predecessor, and went always armed with a dagger, to prevent whatever attempts might be made upon his life by one who wished to be his successor. The Arician forest, frequently called nemorensis or nemoralis sylva, was very celebrated, and no horses would ever enter it, because Hippolytus had been killed by them. Egeria, the favourite nymph, and invisible protectress of Numa, generally resided in this famous grove, which was situated on the Appian way, beyond mount Albanus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15; Fasti, bk. 3, li. 263.—Lucan, bk. 6, li. 74.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 761, &c.
Aricīna, a surname of Diana, from her temple near Aricia. See: [Aricia].——The mother of Octavius. Cicero, bk. 3, Philippics, ch. 6.
Aridæus, a companion of Cyrus the younger. After the death of his friend he reconciled himself to Artaxerxes, by betraying to him the surviving Greeks in their return. Diodorus.——An illegitimate son of Philip, who, after the death of Alexander, was made king of Macedonia till Roxane, who was pregnant by Alexander brought into the world a legitimate male successor. Aridæus had not the free enjoyment of his senses; and therefore Perdiccas, one of Alexander’s generals, declared himself his protector, and even married his sister to strengthen their connection. He was seven years in possession of the sovereign power, and was put to death, with his wife Eurydice, by Olympias. Justin, bk. 9, ch. 8.—Diodorus.
Ariēnis, daughter of Alyattes, married Astyages king of Media. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 74.
Arigæum, a town of India, which Alexander found burnt, and without inhabitants. Arrian, bk. 4.