[♦] ‘physican’ replaced with ‘physician’
Aristĕræ, an island on the coast of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 34.
Aristeus, a man of Argos, who excited king Pyrrhus to take up arms against his countrymen the Argives. Polyænus, bk. 8, ch. 68.
Aristhĕnes, a shepherd who found Æsculapius, when he had been exposed in the woods by his mother Coronis.
Aristhus, an historian of Arcadia. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 1.
Aristībus, a river of Pæonia. Polyænus, bk. 4, ch. 12.
Aristīdes, a celebrated Athenian, son of Lysimachus, whose great temperance and virtue procured him the surname of Just. He was rival to Themistocles, by whose influence he was banished for 10 years, B.C. 484; but before six years of his exile had elapsed, he was recalled by the Athenians. He was at the battle of Salamis, and was appointed chief commander with Pausanias against Mardonius, who was defeated at Platæa. He died so poor, that the expenses of his funeral were defrayed at the public charge, and his two daughters, on account of their father’s virtues, received a dowry from the public treasury when they were come to marriageable years. Poverty, however, seemed hereditary in the family of Aristides, for the grandson was seen in the public streets, getting his livelihood by explaining dreams. The Athenians became more virtuous in imitating their great leader: and from the sense of his good qualities, at the representation of one of the tragedies of Æschylus, on the mentioning of a sentence concerning moral goodness, the eyes of the audience were all at once turned from the actor to Aristides. When he sat as judge, it is said that the plaintiff, in his accusation, mentioned the injuries his opponent had done to Aristides. “Mention the wrongs you have received,” replied the equitable Athenian; “I sit here as judge, and the lawsuit is yours, and not mine.” Cornelius Nepos & Plutarch, Parallel Lives.——An historian of Miletus, fonder of stories, and of anecdotes, than of truth. He wrote a history of Italy, of which the 40th volume has been quoted by Plutarch, Parallela minora.——An athlete, who obtained a prize at the Olympian, Nemæan, and Pythian games. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 16.——A painter of Thebes in Bœotia, in the age of Alexander the Great, for one of whose pieces Attalus offered 6000 sesterces. Pliny, bks. 7 & 35.——A Greek orator who wrote 50 orations, besides other tracts. When Smyrna was destroyed by an earthquake, he wrote so pathetic a letter to Marcus Aurelius, that the emperor ordered the city immediately to be rebuilt, and a statue was in consequence raised to the orator. His works consist of hymns in prose in honour of the gods, funeral orations, apologies, panegyrics, and harangues, the best edition of which is that of Jebb, 2 vols., 4to, Oxoford, 1722, and that in a smaller size in 12mo, 3 vols., of Canterus apud P. Steph. 1604.——A man of Locris, who died by the bite of a weasel. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 14.——A philosopher of Mysia, intimate with Marcus Antoninus.——An Athenian, who wrote treatises on animals, trees, and agriculture.
Aristillus, a philosopher of the Alexandrian school, who about 300 years B.C. attempted, with Timocharis, to determine the place of the different stars in the heavens, and to trace the course of the planets.
Aristio, a sophist of Athens, who by the support of Archelaus, the general of Mithridates, seized the government of his country, and made himself absolute. He poisoned himself when defeated by Sylla. Livy, bks. 81, 82.
Aristippus, the elder, a philosopher of Cyrene, disciple to Socrates, and founder of the Cyrenaic sect. He was one of the flatterers of Dionysius of Sicily, and distinguished himself for his epicurean voluptuousness, in support of which he wrote a book, as likewise a history of Libya. When travelling in the deserts of Africa, he ordered his servants to throw away the money they carried, as too burdensome. On another occasion, discovering that the ship in which he sailed belonged to pirates, he designedly threw his property into the sea, adding, that he chose rather to lose it than his life. Many of his sayings and maxims are recorded by Diogenes Laërtius, in his life. Horace, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 100.——His grandson of the same name, called the younger, was a warm defender of his opinions, and supported that the principles of all things were pain and pleasure. He flourished about 363 years B.C.——A tyrant of Argos, whose life was one continued series of apprehension. He was killed by a Cretan in a battle against Aratus, B.C. 242. Diogenes Laërtius.——A man who wrote a history of Arcadia. Diogenes Laërtius, bk. 2.