Aristodēme, a daughter of Priam.
Aristodēmus, son of Aristomachus, was one of the Heraclidæ. He, with his brothers Temenus and Cresphontes, invaded Peloponnesus, conquered it, and divided the country among themselves, 1104 years before the christian era. He married Argia, by whom he had the twins Procles and Eurysthenes. He was killed by a thunderbolt at Naupactum, though some say that he died at Delphi in Phocis. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 18; bk. 3, chs. 1 & 16.—Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 204; bk. 8, ch. 131.——A king of Messenia, who maintained a famous war against Sparta. After some losses, he recovered his strength, and so effectually defeated the enemy’s forces, that they were obliged to prostitute their women to repeople their country. The offspring of this prostitution were called Partheniæ, and 30 years after their birth they left Sparta, and seized upon Tarentum. Aristodemus put his daughter to death for the good of his country; but being afterwards persecuted in a dream by her manes, he killed himself, after a reign of six years and some months, in which he had obtained much military glory, B.C. 724. His death was lamented by his countrymen, who did not appoint him a successor, but only invested Damis, one of his friends, with absolute power to continue the war, which was at last terminated after much bloodshed and many losses on both sides. Pausanias, Messenia.——A tyrant of Cumæ.——A philosopher of Ægina.——An Alexandrian who wrote some treatises, &c.——A Spartan who taught the children of Pausanias.——A man who was preceptor to the children of Pompey.——A tyrant of Arcadia.——A Carian who wrote a history of painting.——A philosopher of Nysa, B.C. 68.
Aristogĕnes, a physician of Cnidos, who obtained great reputation by the cure of Demetrius Gonatus king of Macedonia.——A Thasian who wrote 24 books on medicine.
Aristogīton and Harmodius, two celebrated friends of Athens, who by their joint efforts delivered their country from the tyranny of the Pisistratidæ, B.C. 510. They received immortal honours from the Athenians, and had statues raised to their memory. These statues were carried away by Xerxes when he took Athens. The conspiracy of Aristogiton was so secretly planned, and so wisely carried into execution, that it is said a courtesan bit her tongue off, not to betray the trust reposed in her. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 29.—Herodotus, bk. 5, ch. 55.—Plutarch, Lives of the Ten Orators.——An Athenian orator, surnamed Canis, from his impudence. He wrote orations against Timarchus, Timotheus, Hyperides, and Thrasyllus.——A statuary. Pausanias.
Aristolāus, a painter. Pliny, bk. 31, ch. 11.
Aristomăche, the wife of Dionysius of Syracuse. Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 5, ch. 20.——The wife of Dion.——A poetess. Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium.——A daughter of Priam, who married Critolaus. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 26.
Aristomăchus, an Athenian, who wrote concerning the preparation of wine. Pliny, bk. 14, ch. 9.——A man so excessively fond of bees, that he devoted 58 years of his life in raising swarms of them. Pliny, bk. 11, ch. 9.——The son of Cleodæus and grandson of Hyllus, whose three sons, Cresphontes, Temenus, and Aristodemus, called Heraclidæ, conquered Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 7; bk. 3, ch. 15.—Herodotus, bks. 6, 7, & 8.——A man who laid aside his sovereign power at Argos, at the persuasion of Aratus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 8.
Aristomēdes, a Thessalian general in the interest of Darius III. Curtius, bk. 3, ch. 9.
Aristomĕnes, a commander of the fleet of Darius on the Hellespont, conquered by the Macedonians. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 1.——A famous general of Messenia, who encouraged his countrymen to shake off the Lacedæmonian yoke under which they had laboured for above 30 years. He once defended the virtue of some Spartan women, whom his soldiers had attempted; and when he was taken prisoner and carried to Sparta, the women whom he had protected interested themselves so warmly in his cause that they procured his liberty. He refused to assume the title of king, but was satisfied with that of commander. He acquired the surname of Just, from his equity, to which he joined the true valour, sagacity, and perseverance of a general. He often entered Sparta without being known and was so dexterous in eluding the vigilance of the Lacedæmonians, who had taken him captive, that he twice escaped from them. As he attempted to do it a third time, he was unfortunately killed, and his body being opened, his heart was found all covered with hair. He died 671 years B.C., and it is said that he left dramatical pieces behind him. Diodorus, bk. 15.—Pausanias, Messenia.——A Spartan sent to the assistance of Dionysius. Polyænus, bk. 2.
Ariston, the son of Agasicles king of Sparta. Being unable to raise children by two wives, he married another famous for her beauty, by whom he had, after seven months, a son Demaratus, whom he had the impudence to call not his own. Herodotus, bk. 6, ch. 61, &c.——A general of Ætolia.——A sculptor.——A Corinthian who assisted the Syracusans against the Athenians.——An officer in Alexander’s army.——A tyrant of Methymna, who, being ignorant that Chios had surrendered to the Macedonians, entered into the harbour, and was taken and put to death. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 9.——A philosopher of Chios, pupil to Zeno the stoic, and founder of a sect which continued but a little while. He supported that the nature of the divinity is unintelligible. It is said that he died by the heat of the sun, which fell too powerfully upon his bald head. In his old age he was much given to sensuality. Diogenes Laërtius.——A lawyer in Trajan’s reign, whose eulogium has been written by Pliny, ltr. 22, bk. 1.——A peripatetic philosopher of Alexandria, who wrote concerning the course of the Nile. Strabo.——A wrestler of Argos, under whom Plato performed some exercises.——A musician of Athens.——A tragic poet.——A peripatetic of Cos.——A native of Pella, in the age of Adrian, who wrote on the rebellion of the Jews.