Cales. See: [Cale].——A city of Bithynia on the Euxine. Arrian.
Calesius, a charioteer of Axylus, killed by Diomedes in the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 16, li. 16.
Calētæ, a people of Belgic Gaul, now Pays de Caux, in Normandy. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 2, ch. 4. Their town was called Caletum.
Caletor, a Trojan prince, slain by Ajax as he was going to set fire to the ship of Protesilaus. Homer, Iliad, bk. 15, li. 419.
Calex, a river of Asia Minor, falling into the Euxine sea. Thucydides, bk. 4, ch. 75.
Caliadne, the wife of Ægyptus. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.
Calicēni, a people of Macedonia.
Marcus Calidius, an orator and pretorian who died in the civil wars, &c. Cæsar, Civil War, bk. 1, ch. 2.——Lucius Julius, a man remarkable for his riches, the excellency of his character, his learning and poetical abilities. He was proscribed by Volumnius, but delivered by Atticus. Cornelius Nepos, Atticus, ch. 12.
Caius Calĭgŭla, the emperor, received this surname from his wearing in the camp the Caliga, a military covering for the leg. He was son of Germanicus by Agrippina, and grandson to Tiberius. During the first eight months of his reign, Rome experienced universal prosperity, the exiles were recalled, taxes were remitted, and profligates dismissed; but Caligula soon became proud, wanton, and cruel. He built a temple to himself, and ordered his head to be placed on the images of the gods, while he wished to imitate the thunders and powers of Jupiter. The statues of all great men were removed, as if Rome would sooner forget their virtues in their absence; and the emperor appeared in public places in the most indecent manner, encouraged roguery, committed incest with his three sisters, and established public places of prostitution. He often amused himself with putting innocent people to death; he attempted to famish Rome by a monopoly of corn; and as he was pleased with the greatest disasters which befel his subjects, he often wished the Romans had but one head, that he might have the gratification to strike it off. Wild beasts were constantly fed in his palace with human victims, and a favourite horse was made high priest and consul, and kept in marble apartments, and adorned with the most valuable trappings and pearls which the Roman empire could furnish. Caligula built a bridge upwards of three miles in the sea; and would perhaps have shown himself more tyrannical had not Chæreas, one of his servants, formed a conspiracy against his life, with others equally tired with the cruelties and the insults that were offered with impunity to the persons and feelings of the Romans. In consequence of this, the tyrant was murdered January 24th, in his 29th year, after a reign of three years and ten months, A.D. 41. It has been said that Caligula wrote a treatise on rhetoric; but his love of learning is better understood from his attempts to destroy the writings of Homer and of Virgil. Dio Cassius.—Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars.—Tacitus, Annals.
Calĭpus, a mathematician of Cyzicus, B.C. 330.