Casmilla, the mother of Camilla. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 11, li. 543.
Caspĕria, wife of Rhœtus king of the Marrubii, committed adultery with her son-in-law. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 388.——A town of the Sabines. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 714.
Caspĕrŭla, a town of the Sabines. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 416.
Caspiæ portæ, certain passes of Asia, which some place about Caucasus and the Caspian sea, and others between Persia and the Caspian sea, or near mount Taurus, or Armenia, or Cilicia. Diodorus, bk. 1.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 27; bk. 6, ch. 13.
Caspiana, a country of Armenia.
Caspii, a Scythian nation near the Caspian sea. Such as had lived beyond their 70th year were starved to death. Their dogs were remarkable for their fierceness. Herodotus, bk. 3, ch. 92, &c.; bk. 7, ch. 67, &c.—Cornelius Nepos, bk. 14, ch. 8.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 798.
Caspium mare, or Hyrcānum, a large sea in the form of a lake, which has no communication with other seas, and lies between the Caspian and Hyrcanian mountains, at the north of Parthia, receiving in its capacious bed the tribute of several large rivers. Ancient authors assure us that it produced enormous serpents and fishes, different in colour and kind from those of all other waters. The eastern parts are more particularly called the Hyrcanian sea, and the western the Caspian. It is now called the sea of Sala or Baku. The Caspian is about 680 miles long, and in no part more than 260 in breadth. There are no tides in it, and on account of its numerous shoals, it is navigable to vessels drawing only nine or ten feet of water. It has strong currents, and, like inland seas, is liable to violent storms. Some navigators examined it in 1708, by order of the Czar Peter, and after the labour of three years, a map of its extent was published. Its waters are described as brackish, and not impregnated with salt so much as the wide ocean. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 202, &c.—Curtius, bk. 3, ch. 2; bk. 6, ch. 4; bk. 7, ch. 3.—Strabo, bk. 11.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, chs. 5 & 6.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 13.—Dionysius Periegetes, li. 50.
Caspius mons, a branch of mount Taurus, between Media and Armenia, at the east of the Euphrates. The Caspiæ portæ are placed in the defiles of the mountain by some geographers.
Cassandāne, the mother of Cambyses by Cyrus. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 1; bk. 3, ch. 2.
Cassander, son of Antipater, made himself master of Macedonia after his father’s death, where he reigned for 18 years. He married Thessalonica the sister of Alexander, to strengthen himself on his throne. Olympias the mother of Alexander wished to keep the kingdom of Macedonia for Alexander’s young children; and therefore she destroyed the relations of Cassander, who besieged her in the town of Pydna, and put her to death. Roxane, with her son Alexander, and Barsane the mother of Hercules, both wives of Alexander, shared the fate of Olympias with their children. Antigonus, who had been for some time upon friendly terms with Cassander, declared war against him; and Cassander, to make himself equal with his adversary, made a league with Lysimachus and Seleucus, and obtained a memorable victory at Ipsus, B.C. 301. He died three years after this victory, of a dropsy. His son Antipater killed his mother; and for his unnatural murder he was put to death by his brother Alexander, who, to strengthen himself, invited Demetrius the son of Antigonus from Asia. Demetrius took advantage of the invitation, and put to death Alexander, and ascended the throne of Macedonia. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 15.—Diodorus, bk. 19.—Justin, bks. 12, 13, &c.