Clitoria, the wife of Cimon the Athenian.
Clitumnus, a river of Campania, whose waters, when drunk, made oxen white. Propertius, bk. 2, poem 10, li. 25.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 146.—Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 103.
Clitus, a familiar friend and foster-brother of Alexander. Though he had saved the king’s life in a bloody battle, yet Alexander killed him with a javelin, in a fit of anger, because, at a feast, he preferred the actions of Philip to those of his son. Alexander was inconsolable for the loss of his friend, whom he had sacrificed in the hour of his drunkenness and dissipation. Justin, bk. 12, ch. 6.—Plutarch, Alexander.—Curtius, bk. 4, &c.——A commander of Polyperchon’s ships, defeated by Antigonus. Diodorus, bk. 18.——An officer sent by Antipater, with 240 ships, against the Athenians, whom he conquered near the Echinades. Diodorus, bk. 18.——A Trojan prince killed by Teucer.——A disciple of Aristotle, who wrote a book on Miletus.
Cloacīna, a goddess at Rome, who presided over the Cloacæ. Some suppose her to be Venus, whose statue was found in the Cloacæ, whence the name. The Cloacæ were large receptacles for the filth and dung of the whole city, begun by Tarquin the elder, and finished by Tarquin the Proud. They were built all under the city; so that, according to an expression of Pliny, Rome seemed to be suspended between heaven and earth. The building was so strong, and the stones so large, that though they were continually washed by impetuous torrents, they remained unhurt during above 700 years. There were public officers chosen to take care of the Cloacæ, called Curatores Cloacarum urbis. Livy, bk. 3, ch. 48.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.
Cloanthus, one of the companions of Æneas, from whom the family of the Cluentii at Rome were descended. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 122.
Clodia, the wife of Lucullus, repudiated for her lasciviousness. Plutarch, Lucullus.——An opulent matron at Rome, mother of Decimus Brutus. Cicero, Letters to Atticus.——A vestal virgin. See: [Claudia].——Another of the same family who successfully repressed the rudeness of a tribune that attempted to stop the procession of her father in his triumph through the streets of Rome. Cicero, For Marcus Cælius.——A woman who married Quintus Metellus, and afterwards disgraced herself by her amours with Cœlius, and her incest with her brother Publius, for which he is severely and eloquently arraigned by Cicero. For Marcus Cælius.
Clodia lex, de Cypro, was enacted by the tribune Clodius, A.U.C. 695, to reduce Cyprus into a Roman province, and expose Ptolemy king of Egypt to sale in his regal ornaments. It empowered Cato to go with the pretorian power and see the auction of the king’s goods, and commissioned him to return the money to Rome.——Another, de Magistratibus, A.U.C. 695, by Clodius the tribune. It forbade the censors to put a stigma or mark of infamy upon any person who had not been actually accused and condemned by both the censors.——Another, de Religione, by the same, A.U.C. 696, to deprive the priest of Cybele, a native of Pessinus, of his office, and confer the priesthood upon Brotigonus, a Gallogrecian.——Another, de Provinciis, A.U.C. 696, which nominated the provinces of Syria, Babylon, and Persia, to the consul Gabinius; and Achaia, Thessaly, Macedon, and Greece, to his colleague Piso, with proconsular power. It empowered them to defray the expenses of their march from the public treasury.——Another, A.U.C. 695, which required the same distribution of corn among the people gratis, as had been given them before at six asses and a triens the bushel.——Another, A.U.C. 695 by the same, de Judiciis. It called to an account such as had executed a Roman citizen without a judgment of the people, and all the formalities of a trial.——Another, by the same, to pay no attention to the appearances of the heavens, while any affair was before the people.——Another, to make the power of the tribunes free, in making and proposing laws.——Another, to re-establish the companies of artists, which had been instituted by Numa, but since his time abolished.
Clodii forum, a town of Italy. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 15.
Publius Clōdius, a Roman descended from an illustrious family, and remarkable for his licentiousness, avarice, and ambition. He committed incest with his three sisters, and introduced himself in women’s clothes into the house of Julius Cæsar, whilst Pompeia, Cæsar’s wife, of whom he was enamoured, was celebrating the mysteries of Ceres, where no man was permitted to appear. He was accused for this violation of human and divine laws; but he corrupted his judges, and by that means screened himself from justice. He descended from a patrician into a plebeian family to become a tribune. He was such an enemy to Cato, that he made him go with pretorian power in an expedition against Ptolemy king of Cyprus, that, by the difficulty of the campaign, he might ruin his reputation, and destroy his interest at Rome during his absence. Cato, however, by his uncommon success, frustrated the views of Clodius. He was also an inveterate enemy to Cicero; and by his influence he banished him from Rome, partly on pretence that he had punished with death, and without trial, the adherents of Catiline. He wreaked his vengeance upon Cicero’s house, which he burnt, and set all his goods to sale; which, however, to his great mortification, no one offered to buy. In spite of Clodius, Cicero was recalled, and all his goods restored to him. Clodius was some time after murdered by Milo, whose defence Cicero took upon himself. Plutarch, Cicero.—Appian on Cicero, bk. 2.—Cicero, for Milo & On his House.—Dio Cassius.——A certain author, quoted by Plutarch.——Licinius, wrote a history of Rome. Livy, bk. 29, ch. 22.——Quirinalis, a rhetorician in Nero’s age. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 1, ch. 7.——Sextus, a rhetorician of Sicily, intimate with Marcus Antony, whose preceptor he was. Suetonius, Lives of the Rhetoricians.—Cicero, Philippics.
Clœlia, a Roman virgin, given, with other maidens, as hostages to Porsonna king of Etruria. She escaped from her confinement, and swam across the Tiber to Rome. Her unprecedented virtue was rewarded by her countrymen with an equestrian statue in the Via Sacra. Livy, bk. 2, ch. 13.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 651.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 5.—Juvenal, satire 8, li. 265.——A patrician family descended from Clœlius, one of the companions of Æneas. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.