[♦] no reference found for ‘Cara’
Craneum, a gymnastic school at Corinth. Diogenes Laërtius.
Cranii, a town of Cephallenia. Thucydides, bk. 2, ch. 30.
Cranon and Crannon, a town of Thessaly on the borders of Macedonia, where Antipater and Craterus defeated the Athenians after Alexander’s death. Livy, bk. 26, ch. 10; bk. 42, ch. 64.
Crantor, a philosopher of Soli, among the pupils of Plato, B.C. 310. Diogenes Laërtius.——An armour-bearer of Peleus, killed by Demoleon. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 12, li. 361.
Crassĭpes, a surname of the family of the Furii, one of whom married Tullia, Cicero’s daughter, whom he soon after divorced. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 4, ltr. 5.—Livy, bk. 38, ch. 42.
Lucius Crassitius, a man who opened a school at Rome. Suetonius, Lives of the Grammarians, ch. 18.
Crassus, the grandfather of Crassus the Rich, who never laughed. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 19.——Publius Licinius, a Roman high priest about 131 years B.C., who went into Asia with an army against Aristonicus, where he was killed and buried at Smyrna.——Marcus Licinius, a celebrated Roman, surnamed Rich, on account of his opulence. At first he was very circumscribed in his circumstances; but, by educating slaves, and selling them at a high price, he soon enriched himself. The cruelties of Cinna obliged him to leave Rome; and he retired to Spain, where he remained concealed for eight months. After Cinna’s death he passed into Africa, and thence to Italy, where he served Sylla, and ingratiated himself in his favour. When the gladiators, with Spartacus at their head, had spread a universal alarm in Italy, and defeated some of the Roman generals, Crassus was sent against them. A battle was fought, in which Crassus slaughtered 12,000 of the slaves, and by this decisive blow he soon put an end to the war, and was honoured with an ovatio at his return. He was soon after made consul with Pompey; and in this high office he displayed his opulence, by entertaining the populace at 10,000 tables. He was afterwards censor, and formed the first triumvirate with Pompey and Cæsar. As his love of riches was more predominant than that of glory, Crassus never imitated the ambitious conduct of his colleagues, but was satisfied with the province of Syria, which seemed to promise an inexhaustible source of wealth. With hopes of enlarging his possessions, he set off from Rome, though the omens proved unfavourable, and everything seemed to threaten his ruin. He crossed the Euphrates, and, forgetful of the rich cities of Babylon and Seleucia, he hastened to make himself master of Parthia. He was betrayed in his march by the delay of Artavasdes king of Armenia, and the perfidy of Ariamnes. He was met in a large plain by Surena, the general of the forces of Orodes the king of Parthia; and a battle was fought in which 20,000 Romans were killed, and 10,000 taken prisoners. The darkness of the night favoured the escape of the rest, and Crassus, forced by the mutiny and turbulence of his soldiers, and the treachery of his guides, trusted himself to the general of the enemy, on pretence of proposing terms of accommodation, and he was put to death, B.C. 53. His head was cut off and sent to Orodes, who poured melted lead down his throat, and insulted his misfortunes. The firmness with which Crassus received the news of his son’s death, who perished in that expedition, has been deservedly commended; and the words that he uttered when he surrendered himself into the hands of Surena, equally claim our admiration. He was wont often to say, that no man ought to be accounted rich if he could not maintain an army. Though he has been called avaricious, yet he showed himself always ready to lend money to his friends without interest. He was fond of philosophy, and his knowledge of history was great and extensive. Plutarch has written his life. Florus, bk. 3, ch. 11.——Publius, the son of the rich Crassus, went into Parthia with his father. When he saw himself surrounded by the enemy, and without any hope of escape, he ordered one of his men to run him through. His head was cut off, and shown with insolence to his father by the Parthians. Plutarch, Crassus.——Lucius Licinius, a celebrated Roman orator, commended by Cicero, and introduced in his book On Oratory as the principal speaker.——A son of Crassus the Rich, killed in the civil wars, after Cæsar’s death.
Crastīnus, a man in Cæsar’s army, killed at the battle of Pharsalia. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 3, ch. 29.
Cratais, the mother of Scylla, supposed to be the same as Hecate. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 12, li. 124.