Ctesibius, a mathematician of Alexandria, who flourished 135 years B.C. He was the inventor of the pump and other hydraulic instruments. He also invented a clepsydra, or water clock. This invention of measuring time by water was wonderful and ingenious. Water was made to drop upon wheels, which it turned. The wheels communicated their regular motion to a small wooden image, which, by a gradual rise, pointed with a stick to the proper hours and months, which were engraved on a column near the machine. This artful invention gave rise to many improvements; and the modern manner of measuring time with an hour-glass is an imitation of the clepsydra of Ctesibius. Vitruvius, On Architecture, bk. 9, ch. 9.——A cynic philosopher.——An historian, who flourished 254 years B.C., and died in his 104th year. Plutarch, Demosthenes.
Ctesĭcle, a general of Zacynthos.
Ctesidēmus, a painter who had Antiphilus for pupil. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 10.
Ctesilŏchus, a noble painter, who represented Jupiter as bringing forth Bacchus. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 11.
Ctesĭphon, an Athenian, son of Leosthenes, who advised his fellow-citizens publicly to present Demosthenes with a golden crown for his probity and virtue. This was opposed by the orator Æschines, the rival of Demosthenes, who accused Ctesiphon of seditious views. Demosthenes undertook the defence of his friend, in a celebrated oration still extant, and Æschines was banished. Demosthenes & Æschines, On the Crown.——A Greek architect, who made the plan of Diana’s temple at Ephesus.——An elegiac poet, whom king Attalus sat over his possessions in Æolia. Athenæus, bk. 13.——A Greek historian, who wrote a history of Bœotia, besides a treatise on trees and plants. [♦]Plutarch, Theseus.——A large village of Assyria, now Elmodain, on the banks of the Tigris, where the kings of Parthia generally resided on account of the mildness of the climate. Strabo, bk. 15.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 26.
[♦] ‘Put.’ replaced with ‘Plutarch’
Ctesippus, a son of Chabrias. After his father’s death he was received into the house of Phocion, the friend of Chabrias. Phocion attempted in vain to correct his natural foibles and extravagancies. Plutarch, Phocion.——A man who wrote a history of Scythia.——One of the descendants of Hercules.
Ctimĕne, the youngest daughter of Laertes by Anticlea. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 15, li. 334.
Cularo, a town of the Allobroges in Gaul, called afterwards Gratianopolis, and now Grenoble. Cicero, Letters to his Friends.
Cuma and Cumæ, a town of Æolia, in Asia Minor. The inhabitants have been accused of stupidity for not laying a tax upon all the goods which entered their harbour during 300 years. They were called Cumani. Strabo, bk. 13.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 4.——A city of Campania, near Puteoli, founded by a colony from Chalcis and Cumæ, of Æolia, before the Trojan war. The inhabitants were called Cumæi and Cumani. There was one of the Sibyls that fixed her residence in a cave in the neighbourhood, and was called the Cumæan Sibyl. See: [Sibyllæ].—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 712; Fasti, bk. 4, li. 158; Ex Ponto, bk. 2, poem 8, li. 41.—Cicero, De Lege Agraria contra Rullum, bk. 2, ch. 26.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 4.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 441.—Livy, bk. 4.—Ptolemy, bk. 3.—Strabo, bk. 5.