Didius, a governor of Spain, conquered by Sertorius. Plutarch, Sertorius.——A man who brought Cæsar the head of Pompey’s eldest son. Plutarch.——A governor of Britain under Claudius.——Julianus, a rich Roman, who, after the murder of Pertinax, bought the empire which the pretorians had exposed to sale, A.D. 192. His great luxury and extravagance rendered him odious; and when he refused to pay the money which he had promised for the imperial purple, the soldiers revolted against him, and put him to death, after a short reign. Severus was made emperor after him.
Dīdo, called also Elissa, a daughter of Belus king of Tyre, who married Sichæus, or Sicharbas, her uncle, who was priest of Hercules. Pygmalion, who succeeded to the throne of Tyre after Belus, murdered Sichæus, to get possession of the immense riches which he possessed; and Dido, disconsolate for the loss of a husband whom she tenderly loved, and by whom she was equally esteemed, set sail in quest of a settlement, with a number of Tyrians, to whom the cruelty of the tyrant became odious. According to some accounts, she threw into the sea the riches of her husband, which Pygmalion so greatly desired; and by that artifice compelled the ships to fly with her, that had come by order of the tyrant to obtain the riches of Sichæus. During her voyage, Dido visited the coast of Cyprus, where she carried away 50 women, who prostituted themselves on the sea-shore, and gave them as wives to her Tyrian followers. A storm drove her fleet on the African coast, and she bought of the inhabitants as much land as could be covered by a bull’s hide, cut into thongs. Upon this piece of land she built a citadel, called Byrsa [See: [Byrsa]], and in the increase of population, and the rising commerce among her subjects, soon obliged her to enlarge her city and the boundaries of her dominions. Her beauty, as well as the fame of her enterprise, gained her many admirers; and her subjects wished to compel her to marry Iarbas king of Mauritania, who threatened them with a dreadful war. Dido begged three months to give her decisive answer; and during that time, she erected a funeral pile, as if wishing, by a solemn sacrifice, to appease the manes of Sichæus, to whom she had promised eternal fidelity. When all was prepared, she stabbed herself on the pile in presence of her people, and by this uncommon action obtained the name of Dido, valiant woman, instead of Elissa. According to Virgil and Ovid, the death of Dido was caused by the sudden departure of Æneas, of whom she was deeply enamoured, and whom she could not obtain as a husband. This poetical fiction represents Æneas as living in the age of Dido, and introduces an anachronism of near 300 years. Dido left Phœnicia, 247 years after the Trojan war, or the age of Æneas; that is, about 953 years B.C. This chronological error proceeds not from the ignorance of the poets, but it is supported by the authority of Horace,
Aut famam sequere, aut sibi convenientia finge.
While Virgil describes, in a beautiful episode, the desperate love of Dido, and the submission of Æneas to the will of the gods, he at the same time gives an explanation of the hatred which existed between the republics of Rome and Carthage, and informs his readers that their mutual enmity originated in their very first foundation, and was apparently kindled by a more remote cause than the jealousy and rivalship of two flourishing empires. Dido, after her death, was honoured as a deity by her subjects. Justin, bk. 18, ch. 4, &c.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 6.—Virgil, Æneid.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, fable 2; Heroides, poem 6.—Appian, Punic Wars.—Orosius, bk. 4.—Herodian.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
Dĭdy̆ma, a place of Miletus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 9.——An island in the Sicilian sea. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 11.
Dĭdy̆mæus, a surname of Apollo.
Dĭdy̆māon, an excellent artist, famous for making suits of armour. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 359.
Dĭdy̆me, one of the Cyclades. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 469.——A city of Sicily. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 476.——One of the Lipari isles, now Saline.——A place near Miletus, where the Branchidæ had their famous oracle.
Dĭdy̆mum, a mountain of Asia Minor.
Dĭdy̆mus, a freedman of Tiberius, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 6, ch. 24.——A scholiast on Homer, surnamed Χαλκεντερος, flourished B.C. 40. He wrote a number of books, which are now lost. The editions of his commentaries are, that in 2 vols., Venice, by Aldus Manutius, 1528, and that of Paris, 8vo, 1530.