Glaucon, a writer of dialogues at Athens. Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers.
Glauconŏme, one of the Nereides.
Glaucōpis, a surname of Minerva, from the blueness of her eyes. Homer.—Hesiod.
Glaucus, a son of Hippolchus the son of Bellerophon. He assisted Priam in the Trojan war, and had the simplicity to exchange his golden suit of armour with Diomedes for an iron one, whence came the proverb of Glauci et Diomedis permutatio, to express a foolish purchase. He behaved with much courage, and was killed by Ajax. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 483.—Martial, bk. 9, ltr. 96.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 6.——A fisherman of Anthedon in Bœotia, son of Neptune and Nais, or, according to others, of Polybius the son of Mercury. As he was fishing, he observed that all the fishes which he laid on the grass received fresh vigour as they touched the ground, and immediately escaped from him by leaping into the sea. He attributed the cause of it to the grass, and by tasting it, he found himself suddenly moved with a desire of living in the sea. Upon this he leaped into the water, and was made a sea deity by Oceanus and Tethys, at the request of the gods. After this transformation he became enamoured of the Nereid Scylla, whose ingratitude was severely punished by Circe. See: [Scylla]. He is represented like the other sea deities, with a long beard, dishevelled hair, and shaggy eyebrows, and with the tail of a fish. He received the gift of prophecy from Apollo, and according to some accounts he was the interpreter of Nereus. He assisted the Argonauts in their expedition, and foretold them that Hercules and the two sons of Leda would one day receive immortal honours. The fable of his metamorphosis has been explained by some authors, who observe that he was an excellent diver, who was devoured by fishes as he was swimming in the sea. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 13, li. 905, &c.—Hyginus, fable 199.—Athenæus, bk. 7.—Apollonius, bk. 1.—Diodorus, bk. 4.—Aristotle, Constitution of Delos.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 22.——A son of Sisyphus king of Corinth, by Merope the daughter of Atlas, born at Potnia, a village of Bœotia. He prevented his mares from having any commerce with the stallions, in the expectation that they would become swifter in running, upon which Venus inspired the mares with such fury, that they tore his body to pieces as he returned from the games which Adrastus had celebrated in honour of his father. He was buried at Potnia. Hyginus, fable 250.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 367.—Apollodorus, bks. 1 & 2.——A son of Minos II. and Pasiphae, who was smothered in a cask of honey. His father, ignorant of his fate, consulted the oracle to know where he was, and received for answer, that the soothsayer who best described him an ox, which was of three different colours among his flocks, would best give him intelligence of his son’s situation. Polyidus was found superior to all the other soothsayers, and was commanded by the king to find the young prince. When he had found him, Minos confined him with the dead body, and told him that he never would restore him his liberty if he did not restore his son to life. Polyidus was struck with the king’s severity, but while he stood in astonishment, a serpent suddenly came towards the body and touched it. Polyidus killed the serpent, and immediately a second came, who seeing the other without motion or signs of life, disappeared, and soon after returned with a certain herb in his mouth. This herb he laid on the body of the dead serpent, which was immediately restored to life. Polyidus, who had attentively considered what passed, seized the herb, and with it he rubbed the body of the dead prince, who was instantly raised to life. Minos received Glaucus with gratitude, but he refused to restore Polyidus to liberty, before he taught his son the art of divination and prophecy. He consented with great reluctance, and when he was at last permitted to return to Argolis his native country, he desired his pupil to spit in his mouth. Glaucus willingly consented, and from that moment he forgot all the knowledge of divination and healing which he had received from the instructions of Polyidus. Hyginus ascribes the recovery of Glaucus to Æsculapius. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 3.—Hyginus, fables 136 & 251, &c.——A son of Epytus, who succeeded his father on the throne of Messenia, about 10 centuries before the Augustan age. He introduced the worship of Jupiter among the Dorians, and was the first who offered sacrifices to Machaon the son of Æsculapius. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 3.——A son of Antenor, killed by Agamemnon. Dictys Cretensis, bk. 4.——An Argonaut, the only one of the crew who was not wounded in a battle against the Tyrrhenians. Athenæus, bk. 7, ch. 12.——A son of Imbrasus, killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 343.——A son of Hippolytus, whose descendants reigned in Ionia.——An athlete of Eubœa. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 9.——A son of Priam. Apollodorus, bk. 3.——A physician of Cleopatra. Plutarch, Antonius.——A warrior in the age of Phocion. Plutarch, Phocion.——A physician exposed on a cross, because Hephæstion died while under his care. Plutarch, Alexander.——An artist of Chios. Pausanias.——A Spartan. Pausanias.——A grove of Bœotia. Pausanias.——A bay of Caria, now the gulf of Macri. Pausanias.——An historian of Rhegium in Italy.——A bay and river of Libya,——of Peloponnesus,——of Colchis, falling into the Phasis.
Glautias, a king of Illyricum, who educated Pyrrhus.
Glicon, a physician of Pansa, accused of having poisoned the wound of his patron, &c. Suetonius, Augustus, ch. 11.
Glissas, a town of Bœotia, with a small river in the neighbourhood. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 19.
Glycĕra, a beautiful woman, celebrated by Horace, bk. 1, odes 19, 30.——A courtesan of Sicyon, so skilful in making garlands, that some attributed to her the invention of them.——A famous courtesan, whom Harpalus brought from Athens to Babylon.
Gly̆cĕrium, a harlot of Thespis, who presented her countrymen with the painting of Cupid, which Praxiteles had given her.——The mistress of Pamphilus in Terence’s Andria.
Gly̆con, a man remarkable for his strength. Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 1, li. 30.——A physician who attended Pansa, and was accused of poisoning his patron’s wound. Suetonius, Augustus, ch. 11.