Lysiădes, an Athenian, son of Phædrus the philosopher, &c. Cicero, Philippics, bk. 5.——An Athenian archon.——A tyrant of Megalopolis, who died B.C. 226. Plutarch.
Lysianassa, one of the Nereides. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 2.——A daughter of Epaphus, mother of Busiris. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 5.
Ly̆sias, a celebrated orator, son of Cephalus, a native of Syracuse. His father left Sicily and went to Athens, where Lysias was born and carefully educated. In his 15th year he accompanied the colony which the Athenians sent to Thurium, and after a long residence there he returned home in his 47th year. He distinguished himself by his eloquence, and by the simplicity, correctness, and purity of his orations, of which he wrote no less than 425 according to Plutarch, though the number may with more probability be reduced to 230. Of these 34 are extant, the best editions of which are that of Taylor, 8vo, Cambridge. 1740, and that of Auger, 2 vols., 8vo, Paris, 1783. He died in the 81st year of his age, 378 years before the christian era. Plutarch, Lives of the Ten Orators.—Cicero, Brutus; On Oratory.—Quintilian, bk. 3, &c.—Diogenes Laërtius, bk. 2.——An Athenian general, &c.——A town of Phrygia. Strabo.——Another of Syria, now Berziech, near Emesa.——A tyrant of Tarsus, B.C. 267.
Lysĭcles, an Athenian sent with Chares into Bœotia, to stop the conquests of Philip of Macedonia. He was conquered at Chæronæa, and sentenced to death for his ill conduct there.
Lysĭdĭce, a daughter of Pelops and Hippodamia, who married Mastor the son of Perseus and Andromeda. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 14.——A daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus.
Lysimăche, a daughter of Abas the son of Melampus. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.——A daughter of Priam. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 12.
Lysimăchia, now Hexamili, a city on the Thracian Chersonesus. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 9.——A town of Ætolia, built by Lysimachus. Strabo, bks. 7 & 10.——Another in Æolia. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 2.
Lysimăchus, a son of Agathocles, who was among the generals of Alexander. After the death of that monarch, he made himself master of part of Thrace, where he built a town which he called Lysimachia. He sided with Cassander and Seleucus against Antigonus and Demetrius, and fought with them at the celebrated battle of Ipsus. He afterwards seized Macedonia, after expelling Pyrrhus from the throne, B.C. 286; but his cruelty rendered him odious, and the murder of his son Agathocles so offended his subjects, that the most opulent and powerful revolted from him and abandoned the kingdom. He pursued them to Asia, and declared war against Seleucus, who had given them a kind reception. He was killed in a bloody battle, 281 years before Christ, in the 80th year of his age, and his body was found in the heaps of slain only by the fidelity of a little dog, which had carefully watched near it. It is said that the love and respect of Lysimachus for his learned master Callisthenes proved nearly fatal to him. He, as Justin mentions, was thrown into the den of a hungry lion, by order of Alexander, for having given Callisthenes poison, to save his life from ignominy and insult; and when the furious animal darted upon him, he wrapped his hand in his mantle, and boldly thrust it into the lion’s mouth, and by twisting his tongue killed an adversary ready to devour him. This act of courage in his self-defence recommended him to Alexander. He was pardoned, and ever after esteemed by the monarch. Justin, bk. 15, ch. 3, &c.—Diodorus, bk. 19, &c. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 10.——An Acarnanian, preceptor to Alexander the Great. He used to call himself Phœnix, his pupil Achilles, and Philip Peleus. Plutarch, Alexander.—Justin, bk. 15, ch. 3.——An historian of Alexandria.——A son of Aristides, rewarded by the Athenians on account of the virtue of his father.——A chief priest among the Jews, about 204 years before Christ, &c. Josephus.——A physician greatly attached to the notions of Hippocrates.——A governor of Heraclea in Pontus, &c.
Lysimelia, a marsh of Sicily near Syracuse.
Lysinoe, now Aglasson, a city of Asia, near Pamphylia. Livy, bk. 38, ch. 15.