The sand tempered series are summarized in [Table 1]. Similar plain and cord marked sherds ([Fig. 5]) have been called Barnes, (Williams, 1956, p. 204). The textile marked sherds can now be added to this series (Figs. [6]-[7]). The cord marked sherds ranged from very coarse to quite fine markings, but definitely favored the coarse variety. The 534 textile marked sherds yielded 293 (55%) that were clear enough to identify the weave. These show the preponderate of simple twined textiles.
It is of interest that the simple twined textiles seem to have a diagonal weft, or at least, in the finished piece as it was applied to wet clay vessels, to show this diagonal weave characteristic. The twisting and twining of the cords however seem to be typically simple twined ([Fig. 7]).
Edward G. Scully and Stephen Williams first named the Barnes series while working for the University of Michigan’s Central Mississippi Valley survey on Barnes ridge in southeastern Missouri. Williams later defined the type (Williams, 1956, Ph.D. Dissertation) as follows:
“This is a finely tempered plain ware in which the sand particles, although numerous in some specimens are quite small. The texture is such that in running one’s fingers over the surface the sandy nature of the temper is immediately noticed. This description of the temper and texture holds for all the Barnes wares. The shapes are similar to those of the Baytown Plain (Philips, et. al., 1951: 77-78). Barnes Cord Marked: This Cord Marked variety goes hand-in-hand in distribution with the Plain ware, and like it, resembles its clay tempered counterpart, Mulberry Creek Cord Marked, and there is occasionally a folded or added rim strip.”
The sand tempered sherds at Lawhorn answer to this description, but the question of vessel shape is left unanswered. One possible basal sherd was cord marked and conical in shape. The characteristic of a folded rim in the cord marked group was not identified in the Lawhorn series.
Figure 5. Cord Marked Sherds and Positive Impressions
Figure 6. Sand Tempered Textile Marked Sherds and Clay Impressions Showing Simple Twining Weave with Diagonal Pattern of Warp and Weft.
(Top and third row are sherds, 2nd and 4th rows are positive impressions)
